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Various recent experimental results show that large language models (LLM) exhibit emergent abilities that are not present in small models. System performance is greatly improved after passing a certain critical threshold of scale. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Cheng-Shang Chang

B\"uchi automata (BAs) recognize $\omega$-regular languages defined by formal specifications like linear temporal logic (LTL) and are commonly used in the verification of reactive systems. However, BAs face scalability challenges when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Charles Pert , Dalal Alrajeh , Alessandra Russo

In many online learning problems we are interested in predicting local information about some universe of items. For example, we may want to know whether two items are in the same cluster rather than computing an assignment of items to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-03-24 Paul Christiano

Large language models~(LLM) like ChatGPT have become indispensable to artificial general intelligence~(AGI), demonstrating excellent performance in various natural language processing tasks. In the real world, graph data is ubiquitous and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Jiayan Guo , Lun Du , Hengyu Liu , Mengyu Zhou , Xinyi He , Shi Han

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant attention due to their high performance on a wide range of natural language tasks since the release of ChatGPT. The LLMs learn to understand and generate language by training billions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Wazir Ali , Sampo Pyysalo

Large language models (LLMs) have made significant advancements in natural language understanding. However, through that enormous semantic representation that the LLM has learnt, is it somehow possible for it to understand images as well?…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Mu Cai , Zeyi Huang , Yuheng Li , Utkarsh Ojha , Haohan Wang , Yong Jae Lee

Large Language Models (LLM) have made significant advances in the recent past becoming more mainstream in Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled human-facing applications. However, LLMs often generate stereotypical output inherited from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Wu Zekun , Sahan Bulathwela , Adriano Soares Koshiyama

We use large language models (LLMs) to uncover long-ranged structure in English texts from a variety of sources. The conditional entropy or code length in many cases continues to decrease with context length at least to $N\sim 10^4$…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-01 Colin Scheibner , Lindsay M. Smith , William Bialek

Recent advances in foundation models present new opportunities for interpretable visual recognition -- one can first query Large Language Models (LLMs) to obtain a set of attributes that describe each class, then apply vision-language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-08 An Yan , Yu Wang , Yiwu Zhong , Chengyu Dong , Zexue He , Yujie Lu , William Wang , Jingbo Shang , Julian McAuley

Most Transformer language models are primarily pretrained on English text, limiting their use for other languages. As the model sizes grow, the performance gap between English and other languages with fewer compute and data resources…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Malte Ostendorff , Georg Rehm

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) makes it important to recognize their strengths and limitations. We argue that in order to develop a holistic understanding of these systems we need to consider the problem that they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 R. Thomas McCoy , Shunyu Yao , Dan Friedman , Matthew Hardy , Thomas L. Griffiths

Language models provide a key framework for studying linguistic theories based on prediction, but phonological analysis using large language models (LLMs) is difficult; there are few phonological benchmarks beyond English and the standard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Zébulon Goriely , Paula Buttery

This paper provides a primer on Large Language Models (LLMs) and identifies their strengths, limitations, applications and research directions. It is intended to be useful to those in academia and industry who are interested in gaining an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Sandra Johnson , David Hyland-Wood

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a milestone in the field of artificial intelligence and natural language processing. However, their large-scale deployment remains constrained by the need for significant computational resources.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Julián Camilo Velandia Gutiérrez

Large Language Models(LLMs)have become effective tools for natural language processing and have been used in many different fields. This essay offers a succinct summary of various LLM subcategories. The survey emphasizes recent developments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Saurabh Pahune , Manoj Chandrasekharan

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has achieved tremendous success in the field of Natural Language Processing owing to diverse training paradigms that empower LLMs to effectively capture intricate linguistic patterns and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Lemei Zhang , Peng Liu , Yashar Deldjoo , Yong Zheng , Jon Atle Gulla

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown exceptional performance in text processing. Notably, LLMs can synthesize information from large datasets and explain their decisions similarly to human reasoning through a chain of thought (CoT). An…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Michał Romaszewski , Przemysław Sekuła , Przemysław Głomb , Michał Cholewa , Katarzyna Kołodziej

Human bilinguals often use similar brain regions to process multiple languages, depending on when they learned their second language and their proficiency. In large language models (LLMs), how are multiple languages learned and encoded? In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Jannik Brinkmann , Chris Wendler , Christian Bartelt , Aaron Mueller

Here we define a new unification algorithm for terms interpreted in semantic domains denoted by a subclass of regular types here called deterministic regular types. This reflects our intention not to handle the semantic universe as a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-14 João Barbosa , Mário Florido , Vítor Santos Costa

Large language models (LLMs) have proven to be highly effective for solving complex reasoning tasks. Surprisingly, their capabilities can often be improved by iterating on previously generated solutions. In this context, a reasoning plan…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-05 MohammadHossein Bateni , Vincent Cohen-Addad , Yuzhou Gu , Silvio Lattanzi , Simon Meierhans , Christopher Mohri