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The uncertainty relation, which displays an elementary property of quantum theory, was originally described by Heisenberg as the relation between error and disturbance. Ozawa presented a more rigorous expression of the uncertainty relation,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Riuji Mochizuki

In its original formulation, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle dealt with the relationship between the error of a quantum measurement and the thereby induced disturbance on the measured object. Meanwhile, Heisenberg's heuristic arguments…

While there is a rigorously proven relationship about uncertainties intrinsic to any quantum system, often referred to as "Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle," Heisenberg originally formulated his ideas in terms of a relationship between…

Recent years have witnessed a controversy over Heisenberg's famous error-disturbance relation. Here we resolve the conflict by way of an analysis of the possible conceptualizations of measurement error and disturbance in quantum mechanics.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-24 Paul Busch , Pekka Lahti , Reinhard F Werner

In recent years, novel quantifications of measurement error in quantum mechanics have for the first time enabled precise formulations of Heisenberg's famous but often challenged measurement uncertainty relation. These relations take the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-28 Paul Busch , David B Pearson

Measurement uncertainty relations are quantitative bounds on the errors in an approximate joint measurement of two observables. They can be seen as a generalization of the error/disturbance tradeoff first discussed heuristically by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-01 Paul Busch , Pekka Lahti , Reinhard F Werner

Heisenberg's original uncertainty relation is related to measurement effect, which is different from the preparation uncertainty relation. However, it has been shown that Heisenberg's error-disturbance uncertainty relation can be violated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-13 Yang Liu , Zhihao Ma , Haijun Kang , Dongmei Han , Meihong Wang , Zhongzhong Qin , Xiaolong Su , Kunchi Peng

So-called quantum limits and their achievement are important themes in physics. Heisenberg's uncertainty relations are the most famous of them but are not universally valid and violated in general. In recent years, the reformulation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-18 Kazuya Okamura

In 1927, Heisenberg heuristically disclosed the tradeoff between the error in the measurement and the caused disturbance on another complementary observable. In the quantum theory, most of uncertainty relations are proposed to reveal the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-29 Li-Yi Hsu

In general, classical measurement statistics of a quantum measurement is disturbed by performing an additional incompatible quantum measurement beforehand. Using this observation, we introduce a state-independent definition of disturbance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-04 S. S. Zhou , Shengjun Wu , H. F. Chau

In its original formulation, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle describes a trade-off relation between the error of a quantum measurement and the thereby induced disturbance on the measured object. However, this relation is not valid in…

We employ quantum relative entropy to establish the relation between the measurement uncertainty and its disturbance on a state in the presence (and absence) of quantum memory. For two incompatible observables, we present the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-17 Jun Zhang , Yang Zhang , Chang-shui Yu

It is shown that the well-defined unbiased measurement or disturbance of a dynamical variable is not maintained for the precise measurement of the conjugate variable, independently of uncertainty relations. The conditionally valid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 Kazuo Fujikawa

We examine error-disturbance relations in the quantum measurement of spin systems using an atom-light interface scheme. We model a single spin-1/2 system that interacts with a polarized light meter via a Faraday interaction. We formulate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-10 Le Bin Ho , Keiichi Edamatsu

Defining an error of measurement has long been a foundational problem in science: even in classical experiments, data are statistical and admit no single universally optimal definition of error. In quantum mechanics, the challenge deepens:…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Haruki Emori , Hiroyasu Tajima

We derive new Heisenberg-type uncertainty relations for both joint measurability and the error-disturbance tradeoff for arbitrary observables of finite-dimensional systems. The relations are formulated in terms of a directly operational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-28 Joseph M. Renes , Volkher B. Scholz

We propose an error-disturbance relation for general observables on finite dimensional Hilbert spaces based on operational notions of error and disturbance. For two-dimensional systems we derive tight inequalities expressing the trade-off…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-21 Asger C. Ipsen

The uncertainty principle being a cornerstone of quantum mechanics, it is surprising that in nearly 90 years there have been no direct tests of measurement uncertainty relations. This lacuna was due to the absence of two essential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-27 Paul Busch , Neil Stevens

It is shown that all the known uncertainty relations are the secondary consequences of Robertson's relation. The basic idea is to use the Heisenberg picture so that the time development of quantum mechanical operators incorporate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-01-17 Kazuo Fujikawa

We revisit the definitions of error and disturbance recently used in error-disturbance inequalities derived by Ozawa and others by expressing them in the reduced system space. The interpretation of the definitions as mean-squared deviations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-03-04 Justin Dressel , Franco Nori