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To study the temperature in a gas subjected to electromagnetic radiations, one may use the Radiative Transfer equations coupled with the Navier-Stokes equations. The problem has 7 dimensions; however with minimal simplifications it is…

Methyl cyanide is an important trace molecule in space, especially in star-forming regions where it is one of the more common molecules used to derive kinetic temperatures. We want to obtain accurate spectroscopic parameters of minor…

A method is proposed for the calculation of vibrational quantum and thermal expectation values of physical properties from first principles. Thermal lines are introduced: these are lines in configuration space parametrized by temperature,…

Observational and theoretical evidence suggests that coronal heating is impulsive and occurs on very small cross-field spatial scales. A single coronal loop could contain a hundred or more individual strands that are heated…

Cross sections for the rotational (de)excitation of CO by ground state para- and ortho-H_2 are obtained using quantum scattering calculations for collision energies between 1 and 520 cm^{-1}. A new CO-H_2 potential energy surface is…

A discharge of nitrogen gas, as created in a microwave-induced plasma, exhibits a very dense molecular emission line spectrum. Emission spectra of this kind could serve as wavelength calibrators for high-resolution astrophysical…

The spectrum of dicarbon (C2) is important in astrophysics and for spectroscopic studies of plasmas and flames. The C2 spectrum is characterized by many band systems with new ones still being actively identified; astronomical observations…

We have previously used an array of cryogenic microcalorimeters with 4 eV energy resolution to measure emission-line profiles and energies of the characteristic L-shell x rays of four elements of the lanthanide series: praseodymium,…

For a general understanding of the physics involved in the star formation process, measurements of physical parameters such as temperature and density are indispensable. The chemical and physical properties of dense clumps of molecular…

We report theoretical best estimates of vertical transition energies (VTEs) for a large number of excited states and molecules: the \textsc{quest} database. This database includes 1489 \emph{aug}-cc-pVTZ VTEs (731 singlets, 233 doublets,…

Rotational temperatures Trot derived from lines of the same OH band are an important method to study the mesopause region near 87 km. To measure realistic temperatures, the rotational level populations have to be in local thermodynamic…

In addition to being suitable for laser cooling and trapping in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) using a relatively broad ($\sim$5 MHz) transition, the molecule YO possesses a narrow-line transition. This forbidden transition between the…

We present a unified variational treatment of the electric quadrupole (E2) matrix elements, Einstein coefficients, and line strengths for general open-shell diatomic molecules in the general purpose diatomic code \Duo. Transformation…

Isocyanic acid (HNCO) is a simple molecule with a potential to form prebiotic and complex organic species. Using a spectral survey collected with the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX), in this work we report the detection of 42…

Transition intensities for small molecules such as water and CO$_2$ can now be computed with such high accuracy that they are being used to systematically replace measurements in standard databases. These calculations use high accuracy ab…

Using neutron diffraction, 170Yb Mossbauer and muSR spectroscopies, we have examined the pyrochlore Yb2Ti2O7 where the Yb3+ S'=1/2 ground state has planar anisotropy. Below ~0.24K, the temperature of the known specific heat lambda…

Laser irradiation of materials is most commonly modeled with the two-temperature model (TTM), or its combination with molecular dynamics, TTM-MD. For such modeling, the electronic transport coefficients are required. Here, we calculate the…

Full-dimensional (12D) vibrational states of the methanol molecule (CH$_3$OH) have been computed using the GENIUSH-Smolyak approach and the potential energy surface from Qu and Bowman (2013). All vibrational energies are converged better…

The kinetic energy variation of emitted light clusters has been employed as a clock to explore the time evolution of the temperature for thermalizing composite systems produced in the reactions of 26A, 35A and 47A MeV $^{64}$Zn with…

The Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on the Hinode spacecraft obtains high resolution spectra of the solar atmosphere in two wavelength ranges: 170 - 210 and 250 - 290 angstroms. These wavelength regions contain a wealth of…