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A century after its formulation by Einstein, it is time to incorporate special relativity early in the physics curriculum. The approach advocated here employs a simple algebraic extension of vector formalism that generates Minkowski…

Physics Education · Physics 2016-09-08 William E. Baylis

Einstein's special theory of relativity starts with assumptions about how observations conducted in relatively moving inertial frames must compare. From these assumptions, conclusions can be drawn regarding the laws of physics in any one…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2015-07-14 Allan Walstad

Gauge theories of conformal spacetime symmetries are presented which merge features of Yang-Mills theory and general relativity in a new way. The models are local but nonpolynomial in the gauge fields, with a nonpolynomial structure that…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 Friedemann Brandt

Already in the 1970s there where attempts to present a set of ground rules, sometimes referred to as a theory of gravitation theories, which theories of gravity should satisfy in order to be considered viable in principle and, therefore,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Thomas P Sotiriou , Valerio Faraoni , Stefano Liberati

We outline here the design, execution, and educational outcomes of an intervention inspired by Einstein's elevator thought experiment, intended to introduce secondary school students to the principle of equivalence, which is at the basis of…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-07-24 Lisa Galvagni , Guido Magnano , Matteo Luca Ruggiero

General relativity and quantum mechanics have both revealed the relativity of certain notions that were previously thought to be absolute. I clarify the precise sense in which these theories are relational, and I argue that the various…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2021-03-17 Pierre Martin-Dussaud

Einstein's theory of general relativity (GR) provides the best available description of gravity. The recent detection of gravitational waves and the first picture of a black hole have provided spectacular confirmations of GR, as well as…

Physics Education · Physics 2020-08-26 Jorge Pinochet

The aim of this work is to establish that two recently published projection theorems, one dealing with a parametric generalization of relative entropy and another dealing with R\'{e}nyi divergence, are equivalent under a correspondence on…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-07 P. N. Karthik , Rajesh Sundaresan

A standard line in the contemporary philosophical literature has it that physical theories are equivalent only when they agree on their empirical content, where this empirical content is often understood as being encoded in the equations of…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2024-02-20 William J. Wolf , James Read

We derive Einstein's equations from a linear theory in flat space-time using free-field gauge invariance and universal coupling. The gravitational potential can be either covariant or contravariant and of almost any density weight. We adapt…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 J. Brian Pitts , W. C. Schieve

We develop a theoretical framework that allows us to compare electromagnetism and gravitation in a fully covariant way. This new scenario does not rely on any kind of approximation nor associate objects with different operational meaning as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-08-29 E. Goulart , F. T. Falciano

In 1918, H. Weyl proposed a unified theory of gravity and electromagnetism based on a generalization of Riemannian geometry. In spite of its elegance and beauty, a serious objection was raised by Einstein, who argued that Weyl's theory was…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-09-08 Carlos Romero

To date, both quantum theory, and Einstein's theory of general relativity have passed every experimental test in their respective regimes. Nevertheless, almost since their inception, there has been debate surrounding whether they should be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-02 A. D. K. Plato , C. N. Hughes , M. S. Kim

Teleparallel gravity has significantly increased in popularity in recent decades, bringing attention to Einstein's other theory of gravity. In this Review, we relate this form of geometry to the broader metric-affine approach to forming…

That gravitation can be understood as purely metric phenomenon depends crucially on the validity of a number of hypotheses which are summarised by the Einstein Equivalence Principle, the least well tested part of which being the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-03 Domenico Giulini

The different forms of the Hamiltonian formulations of linearized General Relativity/spin-two theories are discussed in order to show their similarities and differences. It is demonstrated that in the linear model, non-covariant…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-07-18 K. R. Green , N. Kiriushcheva , S. V. Kuzmin

The geometrical argument of the general relativity principle of Einstein is formulated in unstable Riemann space-time just inspired by the nonlinear representation of supersymmetry, which produces new Einstein-Hilbert type action.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-12-04 Kazunari Shima

In this article, we argue that the theory of special relativity, as formulated by Einstein, is a philosophical rather than a scientific theory. What is scientific and experimentally supported is the formalism of the relativistic mechanics…

General Physics · Physics 2016-10-19 Taha Sochi

In this brief note we present a somewhat trivial result. Namely, we show that perturbative off-shell $f(R)$-theory is equivalent to Einstein gravity, as well as to the Brans-Dicke theory and the Einstein scalar field model. We also discuss…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-27 Soham Bhattacharyya

I discuss Albert Einstein's 1914 review paper, "The Formal Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity" from two points of view: the main elements in the paper that appear to have led to the downfall of the Einstein-Grossman theory; and…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2012-01-26 Galina Weinstein
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