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How should one judge whether a given large language model (LLM) can reliably perform economic reasoning? Most existing LLM benchmarks focus on specific applications and fail to present the model with a rich variety of economic tasks. A…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Narun Raman , Taylor Lundy , Thiago Amin , Jesse Perla , Kevin Leyton-Brown

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly entering specialized, safety-critical engineering workflows governed by strict quantitative standards and immutable physical laws, making rigorous evaluation of their reasoning capabilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Ayesha Gull , Muhammad Usman Safder , Rania Elbadry , Fan Zhang , Veselin Stoyanov , Preslav Nakov , Zhuohan Xie

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is an expressive formal language for specifying spatio-temporal requirements over real-valued, real-time signals. It has been widely used for the verification and synthesis of autonomous systems and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Bowen Ye , Zhijian Li , Junyue Huang , Junkai Ma , Xiang Yin

While trajectory prediction plays a critical role in enabling safe and effective path-planning in automated vehicles, standardized practices for evaluating such models remain underdeveloped. Recent efforts have aimed to unify dataset…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Julian F. Schumann , Anna Mészáros , Jens Kober , Arkady Zgonnikov

Red-teaming Vision-Language Models is essential for identifying vulnerabilities where adversarial image-text inputs trigger toxic outputs. Existing approaches treat image generation as a black box, returning only terminal toxicity scores…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Xutao Mao , Liangjie Zhao , Tao Liu , Xiang Zheng , Hongying Zan , Cong Wang

Reference-based metrics that operate at the sentence-level typically outperform quality estimation metrics, which have access only to the source and system output. This is unsurprising, since references resolve ambiguities that may be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Vikas Raunak , Tom Kocmi , Matt Post

Multi-turn interaction remains challenging for online reinforcement learning. A common solution is trajectory-level optimization, which treats each trajectory as a single training sample. However, this approach can be inefficient and yield…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yuhan Chen , Yuxuan Liu , Long Zhang , Pengzhi Gao , Jian Luan , Wei Liu

Table reasoning with large language models (LLMs) plays a critical role in building intelligent systems capable of understanding and analyzing tabular data. Despite recent progress, existing methods still face key limitations: their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Huajian Zhang , Mingyue Cheng , Yucong Luo , Xiaoyu Tao

There has been growing interest in extending traditional vector-based machine learning techniques to their tensor forms. An example is the support tensor machine (STM) that utilizes a rank-one tensor to capture the data structure, thereby…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-18 Cong Chen , Kim Batselier , Ching-Yun Ko , Ngai Wong

Level set estimation (LSE), the problem of identifying the set of input points where a function takes value above (or below) a given threshold, is important in practical applications. When the function is expensive-to-evaluate and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-02 Yu Inatsu , Shion Takeno , Kentaro Kutsukake , Ichiro Takeuchi

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) elicits long chain-of-thought reasoning in large language models (LLMs), but outcome-based rewards lead to coarse-grained advantage estimation. While existing approaches improve RLVR via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Fei Wu , Zhenrong Zhang , Qikai Chang , Jianshu Zhang , Quan Liu , Jun Du

Stance detection (SD) identifies the text position towards a target, typically labeled as favor, against, or none. We introduce Open-Target Stance Detection (OTSD), the most realistic task where targets are neither seen during training nor…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Abu Ubaida Akash , Ahmed Fahmy , Amine Trabelsi

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has made machine-generated text increasingly difficult to distinguish from human-written text. While recent studies explore leveraging internal representations of language models to…

Applications · Statistics 2026-05-14 Luxu Liang , Xiang Li

Symbolic execution is a powerful technique for analyzing the behavior of software yet scalability remains a challenge due to state explosion in control and data flow. Existing tools typically aim at managing control flow internally, often…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Anna Bolotina , Christoph M. Kirsch , Stefanie Muroya Lei , Matthias Pleschinger

Embodied-AI agents must reason about how objects move and interact in 3-D space over time, yet existing smaller frontier Large Language Models (LLMs) still mis-handle fine-grained spatial relations, metric distances, and temporal orderings.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jacob Anderson , Bardh Hoxha , Georgios Fainekos , Hideki Okamoto , Danil Prokhorov

The problem of checking a logged event trace against a temporal logic specification arises in many practical cases. Unfortunately, known algorithms for an expressive logic like MTL (Metric Temporal Logic) do not scale with respect to two…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-08-27 Marcello M. Bersani , Domenico Bianculli , Carlo Ghezzi , Srdan Krstic , Pierluigi San Pietro

LLM-based approaches have recently achieved impressive results in zero-shot stance detection. However, they still struggle in complex real-world scenarios, where stance understanding requires dynamic background knowledge, target definitions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Yuanshuo Zhang , Aohua Li , Bo Chen , Jingbo Sun , Xiaobing Zhao

Integrating symbolic knowledge and data-driven learning algorithms is a longstanding challenge in Artificial Intelligence. Despite the recognized importance of this task, a notable gap exists due to the discreteness of symbolic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Gaia Saveri , Laura Nenzi , Luca Bortolussi , Jan Křetínský

Large Language Models (LLMs) can enhance reasoning capabilities through test-time scaling by generating multiple traces. However, the combination of lengthy reasoning traces with multiple sampling introduces substantial computation and high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Zhixiang Liang , Beichen Huang , Zheng Wang , Minjia Zhang

Standpoint linear temporal logic ($SLTL$) is a recently introduced extension of classical linear temporal logic ($LTL$) with standpoint modalities. Intuitively, these modalities allow to express that, from agent $a$'s standpoint, it is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Rajab Aghamov , Christel Baier , Toghrul Karimov , Rupak Majumdar , Joël Ouaknine , Jakob Piribauer , Timm Spork