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Quantum contextuality, where measurement outcomes depend on the measurement context, implies a failure of classical realism in quantum systems. As recently shown, the transition between measurement contexts can be mapped onto the path that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-22 Yuki Sagawa , Jonte R. Hance , Holger F. Hofmann , Takafumi Ono

We employ a trapped ion to study quantum contextual correlations in a single qutrit using the 5-observable KCBS inequality, which is arguably the most fundamental non-contextuality inequality for testing Quantum Mechanics (QM). We quantify…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-21 M. Malinowski , C. Zhang , F. M. Leupold , A. Cabello , J. Alonso , J. P. Home

Quantum contextual sets have been recognized as resources for universal quantum computation, quantum steering and quantum communication. Therefore, we focus on engineering the sets that support those resources and on determining their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-20 Mladen Pavicic

The Kochen-Specker (KS) theorem is a corner-stone result in the foundations of quantum mechanics describing the fundamental difference between quantum theory and classical non-contextual theories. Recently specific substructures termed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-11 Yuan Liu , Ravishankar Ramanathan , Karol Horodecki , Monika Rosicka , Paweł Horodecki

Recently a new impulse has been given to the experimental investigation of contextuality. In this paper we show that for a widely used definition of contextuality there can be no decisive experiment on the existence of contextuality. To…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-09-21 Ronnie Hermens

We report two fundamental experiments on three-level quantum systems (qutrits). The first one tests the simplest task for which quantum mechanics provides an advantage with respect to classical physics. The quantum advantage is certified by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-16 Johan Ahrens , Elias Amselem , Adan Cabello , Mohamed Bourennane

Contextuality is one of the fundamental deviations of quantum mechanics from classical physics. The Kochen-Specker (KS) theorem shows that non-contextual classical physics with hidden variables is inconsistent with the predictions of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-29 SP Toh

The Kochen-Specker theorem, Bell inequalities, and several other tests that were designed to rule out hidden-variable theories, assume the existence of observables having infinitely sharp eigenvalues. A paradigmatic example is spin-1/2. It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-03 F. De Zela

Quantum contextuality describes scenarios in which it is impossible to explain the experimental evidence in terms of a measurement independent reality. Here, I introduce a three-path interferometer in which all five contexts needed for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-29 Holger F. Hofmann

Quantum measurements cannot be thought of as revealing preexisting results, even when they do not disturb any other measurement in the same trial. This feature is called contextuality and is crucial for the quantum advantage in computing.…

The Heisenberg microscope provides a powerful mental image of the measurement process of quantum mechanics (QM), attempting to explain the uncertainty relation through an uncontrollable back-action from the measurement device. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-23 Jan-Åke Larsson

One of the central foundational questions of physics is to identify what makes a system quantum as opposed to classical. One seminal notion of classicality of a quantum system is the existence of a non-contextual hidden variable model as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-03 Jonas Haferkamp , Juani Bermejo-Vega

In recent years, much research has been devoted to exploring contextuality in systems that are not strictly quantum, like classical light, and many theory-independent frameworks for contextuality analysis have been developed. It has raised…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-02 Alisson Tezzin

Fully revealing the mathmatical structure of quantum contextuality is a significant task, while some known contextuality theories are only applicable for rank-1 projectors. That is because they adopt the observable-based definitions. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-17 Songyi Liu , Yongjun Wang , Baoshan Wang , Yunyi Jia

KS-contextuality is a crucial feature of quantum theory. Previous research demonstrated the vanishing of $N$-cycle KS-contextuality in setups where multiple independent observers measure sequentially on the same system, which we call Public…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-05 Arthur C. R. Dutra , Roberto D. Baldijão , Marcelo Terra Cunha

Bell nonlocality and Kochen-Specker contextuality are two remarkable nonclassical features of quantum theory, related to strong correlations between outcomes of measurements performed on quantum systems. Both phenomena can be witnessed by…

The Klyachko inequality is an inequality for the probabiities of the values of five observables of a spin-1 particle, which is satisfied by any noncontextual assignment of values to this set of observables, but is violated by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-21 Jeffrey Bub , Allen Stairs

Since the enlightening proofs of quantum contextuality first established by Kochen and Specker, and also by Bell, various simplified proofs have been constructed to exclude the non-contextual hidden variable theory of our nature at the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-25 Weidong Tang , Sixia Yu

Quantum contextuality describes situations where the statistics observed in different measurement contexts cannot be explained by a measurement independent reality of the system. The most simple case is observed in a three-dimensional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-28 Holger F. Hofmann

Recent experiments have shown that nature violates noncontextual inequalities regardless of the state of the physical system. So far, all these inequalities involve measurements of dichotomic observables. We show that state-independent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-20 Angel R. Plastino , Adan Cabello