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We present a fault-tolerant universal quantum computing architecture based on a code concatenation of biased-noise qubits and the parity architecture. The parity architecture can be understood as an LDPC code tailored specifically to obtain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Anette Messinger , Valentin Torggler , Berend Klaver , Michael Fellner , Wolfgang Lechner

The design of low-density parity-check (LDPC) code ensembles optimized for a finite number of decoder iterations is investigated. Our approach employs EXIT chart analysis and differential evolution to design such ensembles for the binary…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Ian P. Mulholland , Enrico Paolini , Mark F. Flanagan

Low density parity-check (LDPC) codes are a class of linear block codes that are decoded by running belief propagation (BP) algorithm or log-likelihood ratio belief propagation (LLR-BP) over the factor graph of the code. One of the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-07-15 A. Dinesh Kumar , Ambedkar Dukkipati

We propose Qubit4Sync, a synchronization method for Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) setups, based on the same qubits exchanged during the protocol and without requiring additional hardware other than the one necessary to prepare and measure…

Hardware-friendly quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) decoders are commonly built upon belief propagation (BP) processing. Yet, quantum degeneracy often prevents BP from achieving reliable convergence. To overcome this fundamental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Lorenzo Valentini , Diego Forlivesi , Andrea Talarico , Marco Chiani

In this letter, we propose a two-stage design method to construct memory efficient mutual information-maximizing quantized min-sum (MIM-QMS) decoder for rate-compatible low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. We first develop a modified…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Peng Kang , Kui Cai , Xuan He , Jinhong Yuan

Simulating fermionic systems on qubit-based quantum computers often demands significant computational resources due to the requirement to map fermions to qubits. Thus, designing a fault-tolerant quantum computer that operates directly with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-19 Chong-Yuan Xu , Ze-Chuan Liu , Yong Xu

Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes offer a promising route to scalable fault-tolerant quantum computation, but their performance under iterative decoding is strongly influenced by short-cycle structure and other harmful…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Anthony Gómez-Fonseca , Gretchen L. Matthews , Kirsten D. Morris , Tefjol Pllaha

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is rapidly transitioning from cutting-edge laboratory research to real-world deployment in established communication networks. Although QKD promises future-proof security, practical challenges stil exist due…

More than Mbps secret key rate was demonstrated for continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) systems, but real-time postprocessing is not allowed, which is restricted by the throughput of the error correction decoding in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-06 Chuang Zhou , Yang Li , Li Ma , Jie Yang , Wei Huang , Heng Wang , Yujie Luo , Francis C. M. Lau , Yong Li , Bingjie Xu

Quantum error correction is the building block for constructing fault-tolerant quantum processors that can operate reliably even if its constituting elements are corrupted by decoherence. In this context, real-time decoding is a necessity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-15 Antonio deMarti iOlius , Josu Etxezarreta Martinez

Quantum low-density parity check (qLDPC) codes are among the leading candidates to realize error-corrected quantum memories with low qubit overhead. Potentially high encoding rates and large distance relative to their block size make them…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Josias Old , Juval Bechar , Markus Müller , Sascha Heußen

It is widely accepted in the quantum cryptography community that interactive information reconciliation protocols, such as cascade, are ineffcient due to the communication overhead. Instead, non-interactive information reconciliation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-31 Thomas Brochmann Pedersen , Mustafa Toyran

This paper investigates the design of low-complexity error correction codes for the verification step in continuous variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) systems. We design new coding schemes based on quasi-cyclic repeat-accumulate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-10-14 Sarah J. Johnson , Vikram A. Chandrasetty , Andrew M. Lance

We introduce a new family of rank metric codes: Low Rank Parity Check codes (LRPC), for which we propose an efficient probabilistic decoding algorithm. This family of codes can be seen as the equivalent of classical LDPC codes for the rank…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Nicolas Aragon , Philippe Gaborit , Adrien Hauteville , Olivier Ruatta , Gilles Zémor

We propose a post-selection technique, based on quantum error detection, for quantum key distribution (QKD) systems that run over quantum repeaters with encoding. In such repeaters, quantum error correction techniques are used for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-04 Yumang Jing , Daniel Alsina Leal , Mohsen Razavi

Generalized low-density parity-check (GLDPC) codes, where single parity-check constraints on the code bits are replaced with generalized constraints (an arbitrary linear code), are a promising class of codes for low-latency communication.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Roxana Smarandache , David G. M. Mitchell , Anthony Gómez-Fonseca

This paper presents a design technique for obtaining regular time-invariant low-density parity-check convolutional (RTI-LDPCC) codes with low complexity and good performance. We start from previous approaches which unwrap a low-density…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Marco Baldi , Giovanni Cancellieri , Franco Chiaraluce

In this paper, we propose a framework of the mutual information-maximizing (MIM) quantized decoding for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes by using simple mappings and fixed-point additions. Our decoding method is generic in the sense…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Peng Kang , Kui Cai , Xuan He , Shuangyang Li , Jinhong Yuan

Due to the high error rate of qubits, detecting and correcting errors is essential for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC). Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes are one of the most promising quantum error correction…