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A fundamental tool in network information theory is the covering lemma, which lower bounds the probability that there exists a pair of random variables, among a give number of independently generated candidates, falling within a given set.…

Quantum key distribution over probabilistic quantum repeaters is addressed. We compare, under practical assumptions, two such schemes in terms of their secure key generation rates per quantum memory. The two schemes under investigation are…

This article investigates the probabilistic relationship between quantum classification of Boolean functions and their Hamming distance. By integrating concepts from quantum computing, information theory, and combinatorics, we explore how…

Cryptographic security of quantum key distribution is currently based on a trace distance criterion. The widespread misinterpretation of the criterion as failure probability and also its actual scope have been discussed previously. Recently…

In a series of recent papers, Hirota and Yuen claim to have identified a fundamental flaw in the theory underlying quantum cryptography, which would invalidate existing security proofs. In this short note, we sketch their argument and show…

We present a generic study on the information-theoretic security of multi-setting device-independent quantum key distribution protocols, i.e., ones that involve more than two measurements (or inputs) for each party to perform, and yield…

We compare failure distributions of quantum error correction circuits for stochastic errors and coherent errors. We utilize a fully coherent simulation of a fault tolerant quantum error correcting circuit for a $d=3$ Steane and surface…

This work is intended as an introduction to cryptographic security and a motivation for the widely used Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) security definition. We review the notion of security necessary for a protocol to be usable in a larger…

Uncertainty relations express the fundamental incompatibility of certain observables in quantum mechanics. Far from just being puzzling constraints on our ability to know the state of a quantum system, uncertainty relations are at the heart…

Quantum cryptography uses techniques and ideas from physics and computer science. The combination of these ideas makes the security proofs of quantum cryptography a complicated task. To prove that a quantum-cryptography protocol is secure,…

Device-independent quantum key distribution allows for proving the security of a shared cryptographic key between two distant parties with potentially untrusted devices. The security proof is based on the measurement outcome statistics…

This document focuses on translating various information-theoretic measures of distinguishability for probability distributions into measures of distin- guishability for quantum states. These measures should have important appli- cations in…

We investigate the performance of a quantum error-correcting code when pushed beyond its intended capacity to protect information against errors, presenting formulae for the probability of failure when the errors affect more qudits than…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides information theoretic security based on quantum mechanics, however, its practical deployment is challenged by imperfections of source devices. Among various source loopholes, correlations between…

We analyze the meaning of the violation of the marginal probability law for situations of correlation measurements where entanglement is identified. We show that for quantum theory applied to the cognitive realm such a violation does not…

Standard quantum key distribution protocols are provably secure against eavesdropping attacks, if quantum theory is correct. It is theoretically interesting to know if we need to assume the validity of quantum theory to prove the security…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) has been attracting researchers that it would provide provable security to distribute secret keys since its birth in 1984. Since 2005, the trace distance between an ideal quantum state and an actually…

Several quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols employ iterative sifting. After each quantum transmission round, Alice and Bob disclose part of their setting information (including their basis choices) for the detected signals. The quantum…

Quantum communications promise to revolutionise the way information is exchanged and protected. Unlike their classical counterpart, they are based on dim optical pulses that cannot be amplified by conventional optical repeaters.…

Reliable uncertainty quantification (UQ) is essential for ensuring trustworthy downstream use of large language models, especially when they are deployed in decision-support and other knowledge-intensive applications. Model certainty can be…