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Computing educators and researchers have used programming process data to understand how programs are constructed and what sorts of problems students struggle with. Although such data shows promise for using it for feedback, fully automated…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-04 John Edwards , Arto Hellas , Juho Leinonen

In this work, we begin to investigate the possibility of training a deep neural network on the task of binary code understanding. Specifically, the network would take, as input, features derived directly from binaries and output English…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Alexander Interrante-Grant , Andy Davis , Heather Preslier , Tim Leek

We present a new approach to 3D object representation where a neural network encodes the geometry of an object directly into the weights and biases of a second 'mapping' network. This mapping network can be used to reconstruct an object by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Eric Mitchell , Selim Engin , Volkan Isler , Daniel D Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) now excel at generative skills and can create content at impeccable speeds. However, they are imperfect and still make various mistakes. In a Computer Science education context, as these models are widely…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Qianou Ma , Hua Shen , Kenneth Koedinger , Tongshuang Wu

We describe a method of automatic feedback provision for students learning programming and computational methods in Python. We have implemented, used and refined this system since 2009 for growing student numbers, and summarise the design…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-09-14 Hans Fangohr , Neil O'Brien , Anil Prabhakar , Arti Kashyap

Embeddings are functions that map raw input data to low-dimensional vector representations, while preserving important semantic information about the inputs. Pre-training embeddings on a large amount of unlabeled data and fine-tuning them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-21 Congzheng Song , Ananth Raghunathan

There has been a recent push in making machine learning models more interpretable so that their performance can be trusted. Although successful, these methods have mostly focused on the deep learning methods while the fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-16 David Steinmann , Matej Zečević , Devendra Singh Dhami , Kristian Kersting

Natural language processing has improved tremendously after the success of word embedding techniques such as word2vec. Recently, the same idea has been applied on source code with encouraging results. In this survey, we aim to collect and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Zimin Chen , Martin Monperrus

Performance optimization is an increasingly challenging but often repetitive task. While each platform has its quirks, the underlying code transformations rely on data movement and computational characteristics that recur across…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Lukas Trümper , Tal Ben-Nun , Philipp Schaad , Alexandru Calotoiu , Torsten Hoefler

Automated feedback as students answer open-ended math questions has significant potential in improving learning outcomes at large scale. A key part of automated feedback systems is an error classification component, which identifies student…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Hunter McNichols , Mengxue Zhang , Andrew Lan

Deep learning has revolutionized many industries by enabling models to automatically learn complex patterns from raw data, reducing dependence on manual feature engineering. However, deep learning algorithms are sensitive to input data, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Mert Sehri , Zehui Hua , Francisco de Assis Boldt , Patrick Dumond

Novice programmers need to write basic code as part of the learning process, but they often face difficulties. To assist struggling students, we recently implemented personalized Parsons problems, which are code puzzles where students…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Xinying Hou , Barbara J. Ericson , Xu Wang

Many tasks can be easily solved using machine learning techniques. However, some tasks cannot readily be solved using statistical models, requiring a symbolic approach instead. Program induction is one of the ways that such tasks can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Ahmad Ayaz Amin

Proof Blocks is a software tool that allows students to practice writing mathematical proofs by dragging and dropping lines instead of writing proofs from scratch. Proof Blocks offers the capability of assigning partial credit and providing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Seth Poulsen , Shubhang Kulkarni , Geoffrey Herman , Matthew West

Results in interpretability suggest that large vision and language models learn implicit linear encodings when models are biased by in-context prompting. However, the existence of similar linear representations in more general adaptation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Darrin O' Brien , Dhikshith Gajulapalli , Eric Xia

We ran a study on engagement and achievement for a first year undergraduate programming module which used an online learning environment containing tasks which generate automated feedback. Students could also access human feedback from…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Beate Grawemeyer , John Halloran , Matthew England , David Croft

Introductory programming courses often rely on small code-writing exercises that have clearly specified problem statements. This limits opportunities for students to practice how to clarify ambiguous requirements -- a critical skill in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Paul Denny , Viraj Kumar , Stephen MacNeil , James Prather , Juho Leinonen

In the paper, we propose a novel methodology to map learning algorithms on data (performance map) in order to gain more insights in the distribution of their performances across their parameter space. This methodology provides useful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Filippo Neri

Millions of repetitive code snippets are submitted to code repositories every day. To search from these large codebases using simple natural language queries would allow programmers to ideate, prototype, and develop easier and faster.…

Human-annotated datasets with explicit difficulty ratings are essential in intelligent educational systems. Although embedding vector spaces are widely used to represent semantic closeness and are promising for analyzing text difficulty,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Yo Ehara