Related papers: Non-equilibrium thermionic electron emission for m…
In astronomical environments, the high-temperature emission of plasma mainly depends on ion charge states, which requires accurate analysis of the ionization and recombination processes. For various phenomena involving energetic particles,…
By way of the non-equilibrium Green's function simulations and analytical expressions, the quantum thermal conductance of stanene is studied. We find that, due to the existence of Dirac fermion in stanene, the ratio of electron thermal…
Departures of observables from their thermal equilibrium expectation values are studied under heat flow in steady-state non-equilibrium environments. The relation between the spatial and temperature dependence of these non-equilibrium…
We discuss the possibility of defining an emergent local temperature in extended quantum many-body systems evolving out of equilibrium. For the most simple case of free-fermionic systems, we give an explicit formula for the effective…
Classical-like formulas are given in order to evaluate thermal averages of observables belonging to a quantum nonlinear system with dissipation described by the Caldeira-Leggett model [Phys. Rev. Lett. 46, 211 (1981); Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 149,…
We analyze the heat exchange distribution of quantum open systems undergoing a thermal relaxation that maximizes the entropy production. We show that the process implies a type of generalized law of cooling in terms of a time dependent…
Classical radiation from a single relativistically accelerating electron is investigated where the temperature characterizing the system highlights the dependence on acceleration. In the context of the dynamic Casimir effect with…
Electron transpiration cooling (ETC) can reduce aerothermal loads on sharp hypersonic leading edges, but its performance is governed by whether thermionically emitted electrons escape the hot surface or return as cathode-directed backflow.…
Thermionic converters generate electricity from thermal energy in a power cycle based on vacuum emission of electrons. While thermodynamically efficient, practical implementations are limited by the extreme temperatures required for…
A new variational method for studying the equilibrium states of an interacting particles system has been proposed. The statistical description of the system is realized by means of a density matrix. This method is used for description of…
A simple expression for the non-equilibrium distribution function in ultra-fast transient processes is proposed. Postulating its dependence on temporal derivatives of the equilibrium integrals of motion, non-equilibrium analogues of the…
A self-consistent particle-in-cell simulation study is performed to investigate the effect of driving frequency on the electric field non-linearity, electron heating mechanism and electron energy distribution function (EEDF) in a low…
We experimentally demonstrate the decomposition of heat dissipation during free-energy generation in a nanometer-scale dot transitioning to a non-equilibrium steady state via single-electron counting statistics. An alternating-current…
Context. Coronal heating is currently thought to proceed via the mechanism of nanoflares, small-scale and possibly recurring heating events that release magnetic energy. Aims. We investigate the effects of a periodic high-energy electron…
The rate of electron transfer between a molecular species and a metal, each at a different local temperature, is examined theoretically through implementation of a bithermal (characterized by two temperatures) Marcus formalism. Expressions…
In thermally non-equilibrium plasmas, conventional harmonic models can significantly mispredict superelastic electron heating rates. When the vibrational temperature exceeds the gas temperature ($T_{\rm v}>T_{\rm g}$), these models…
Effects of collective modes on thermoelectric properties of a charge density system is studied. We derive the temperature dependence of thermoelectric power and thermal conductivity by applying the linear response theory to Fr\"ohlich…
The dissipation of turbulent magnetic fields is an appealing scenario to explain the origin of non-thermal particles in high-energy astrophysical sources. However, it has been suggested that the particle distribution may effectively…
Deviations from thermal distribution functions of produced particles in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are discussed as indicators for nonequilibrium processes. The focus is on rapidity distributions of produced charged hadrons as…
The thermodynamic basis of classical mechanics is presented. In this framework, ideal Newtonian mechanics emerges as the zero-dissipation limit of a more general, dissipative theory. The thermodynamic approach predicts a novel dissipative…