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Flux variability is one of the defining characteristics of Seyfert galaxies, a class of active galactic nuclei (AGN). Though these variations are observed over a wide range of wavelengths, results on their flux variability characteristics…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-12-05 N. Sukanya , C. S. Stalin , P. Joseph , S. Rakshit , D. Praveen , R. Damle

Blazars are a class of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) known for their very rapid variabilty in the high energy regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Despite this known fast variability, X-ray observations have generally not revealed…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-23 Matthew Pryal , Abe Falcone , Michael Stroh

We report on the largest Swift AGN monitoring program, concerning UV/optical variability in Seyferts. From 554 observations, over a 750d period, of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 5548, we see (McHardy et al. 2014) a good overall correlation between…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-02-27 S. D. Connolly , I. M. McHardy , D. T. Cameron , T. Dwelly , P. Lira , D. Emmanoulopoulos , J. Gelbord , E. Breedt , P. Arevalo , P. Uttley

Variability is a main property of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and it was adopted as a selection criterion using multi epoch surveys conducted for the detection of supernovae (SNe). We have used two SN datasets. First we selected the AXAF…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2010-03-03 K. Boutsia , B. Leibundgut , D. Trevese , F. Vagnetti

The normalized excess variance is a popular method used by many authors to estimate the variability of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), especially in the X-ray band. We show that this estimator is affected by the cosmological time dilation,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-03-23 Riccardo Middei , Fausto Vagnetti , Marco Antonucci , Roberto Serafinelli

We present results of recurrence analysis of 46 active galactic nuclei (AGN) using light curves from the 157-month catalog of the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) in the 14-150 keV band. We generate recurrence plots and compute recurrence…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-11-28 R. A. Phillipson , M. S. Vogeley , P. T. Boyd

We investigated the relationship between the X-ray variability amplitude and X-ray luminosity for a sample of 14 bright Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) with XMM-Newton/EPIC data, and compare it with the well established similar…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 O. Gonzalez-Martin , I. Papadakis , P. Reig , A. Zezas

We examine the continuum variability of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) by analyzing the multi-epoch spectroscopic data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. To achieve this, we utilized approximately 2 million spectroscopy pairwise combinations…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-11-13 Minjin Kim , Suyeon Son , Luis C. Ho

Variability in the X-rays is a key ingredient in understanding and unveiling active galactic nuclei (AGN) properties. In this band flux variations occur on short time scales (hours) as well as on larger times scales. While short time scale…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-03-08 R. Middei , F. Vagnetti , S. Bianchi , F. La Franca , M. Paolillo , F. Ursini

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are variable on a wide range of timescales, though relatively few systematic variability surveys have been conducted. Previous broad-band (both spectral and temporal) variability surveys of AGN are limited in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jonathan E. Grindlay

The detection of new clusters of galaxies or the study of known clusters of galaxies in X-rays can be complicated by the presence of X-ray point sources, the majority of which will be active galactic nuclei (AGN). This can be addressed by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-06-26 Ben J. Maughan , Thomas H. Reiprich

Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) are characterized by emission of radiation over more than 10 orders of magnitude in frequency. Therefore, the execution of extensive surveys of the sky, with different types of detectors, is providing the…

Some progress in understanding AGN variability is reviewed. Reprocessing of X-ray radiation to produce significant amounts of longer-wavelength continua seems to be ruled out. In some objects where there has been correlated X-ray and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-07-27 C. Martin Gaskell , Elizabeth S. Klimek

Context. Variability is a ubiquitous feature of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and the characterisation of the variability is crucial to constrain its physical mechanism and proper applications in AGN studies. The advent of all-sky and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-04 Heechan Yuk , Xinyu Dai

Multiwavelength variability data, combined with spectral-timing analysis techniques, provides information about the causal relationship between different physical components in accreting black holes. Using fast-timing data and long-term…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-01-12 Phil Uttley , Piergiorgio Casella

Number of monitoring observations of continuum emission from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) have been made in optical--X-ray bands. The results obtained so far show (i) random up and down on timescales longer than decades, (ii) no typical…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 T. Kawaguchi , S. Mineshige

Identifying Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) through their X-ray emission is efficient, but necessarily biased against X-ray-faint objects. We aim to characterize this bias by comparing X-ray-selected AGNs to the ones identified through…

The nature of the obscuring material in active galactic nuclei (AGN) can be studied by measuring changes in the line-of-sight column density, $N_{\rm H,los}$, over time. This can be accomplished by monitoring AGN over long periods of time…

The super-massive black-holes in the centers of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) are surrounded by obscuring matter that can block the nuclear radiation. Depending on the amount of blocked radiation, the flux from the AGN can be too faint to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2012-08-06 Eugenio Bottacini , Marco Ajello , Jochen Greiner

We have used photometry from the Kepler satellite to characterize the variability of four radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGN) on timescales from years to minutes. The Kepler satellite produced nearly continuous high precision data sets…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-01-27 Mitchell Revalski , Dawid Nowak , Paul J. Wiita , Ann E. Wehrle , Stephen C. Unwin