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Even when concepts similar to emergence have been used since antiquity, we lack an agreed definition. However, emergence has been identified as one of the main features of complex systems. Most would agree on the statement ``life is…

General Physics · Physics 2025-12-22 Carlos Gershenson

When a large number of similar entities interact among each other and with their environment at a low scale, unexpected outcomes at higher spatio-temporal scales might spontaneously arise. This nontrivial phenomenon, known as emergence,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-05-25 Oriol Artime , Manlio De Domenico

Many systems involve numerous interacting parts and the whole system can have properties that the individual parts do not. I take this novelty as the defining characteristic of an emergent property. Other characteristics associated with…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-11-05 Ross H. McKenzie

Emergence, the phenomena where a system's micro-scale dynamics facilitate the development of non-trivial, informative higher scales, has become a foundational concept in modern sciences, tying together fields as diverse as physics, biology,…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2020-03-31 Thomas F. Varley

The emerging field of morphogenetic engineering proposes to design complex heterogeneous system focused on the paradigm of emergence. Necessarily at the interface of disciplines, its concepts can be defined through multiple viewpoints. This…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2018-04-02 Juste Raimbault

The engineering and design of self-organizing systems with emergent properties is a long-standing problem in the field of complex and distributed systems, for example in the engineering of self-organizing Multi-Agent Systems. The problem of…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 Jochen Fromm

Emergence is a pregnant property in various fields. It is the fact for a phenomenon to appear surprisingly and to be such that it seems at first sight that it is not possible to predict its apparition. That is the reason why it has often…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Hervé Zwirn

Emergence and causality are two fundamental concepts for understanding complex systems. They are interconnected. On one hand, emergence refers to the phenomenon where macroscopic properties cannot be solely attributed to the cause of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-02-27 Bing Yuan , Zhang Jiang , Aobo Lyu , Jiayun Wu , Zhipeng Wang , Mingzhe Yang , Kaiwei Liu , Muyun Mou , Peng Cui

Emergence is a concept in complexity science that describes how many-body systems manifest novel higher-level properties, properties that can be described by replacing high-dimensional mechanisms with lower-dimensional effective variables…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 David C. Krakauer , John W. Krakauer , Melanie Mitchell

The capacity to adapt can greatly influence the success of systems that need to compensate for damaged parts, learn how to achieve robust performance in new environments, or exploit novel opportunities that originate from new technological…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2011-12-15 James Whitacre , Axel Bender

The process of evolutionary emergence of purposeful adaptive behavior is investigated by means of computer simulations. The model proposed implies that there is an evolving population of simple agents, which have two natural needs: energy…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Mikhail S. Burtsev , Vladimir G. Redko , Roman V. Gusarev

In the scientific literature, the term emergent phenomena is invoked in the context of a collective behavior observed in a complex adaptive system that exhibits no correspondence with the behavior of the system constituents. Although this…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-06-29 Nitish Kumar Gupta , A. M. Jayannavar

"Emergence", the phenomenon where a complex system displays properties, behaviours, or dynamics not trivially reducible to its constituent elements, is one of the defining properties of complex systems. Recently, there has been a concerted…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-11 Thomas F. Varley

A natural phenomenon occurring in a living system is an outcome of the dynamics of the specific biological network underlying the phenomenon. The collective dynamics have both deterministic and stochastic components. The stochastic nature…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-09-01 Indrani Bose

We consider emergence from the perspective of dynamics: states of a system evolving with time. We focus on the role of a decomposition of wholes into parts, and attempt to characterize relationships between levels without reference to…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2024-10-22 Sean M. Carroll , Achyuth Parola

The Abstraction Refinement Model has been widely adopted since it was firstly proposed many decades ago. This powerful model of software evolution process brings important properties into the system under development, properties such as the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Mohamed Toufik Ailane , Christoph Knieke , Andreas Rausch

Biomaterial systems have allowed for the in vitro production of complex, emergent tissue behaviors that were not possible with conventional 2D culture systems allowing for analysis of the normal development as well as disease processes. We…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2019-10-16 Matthew S Hall , Joseph T Decker , Lonnie D Shea

We explore how physical scale and population size shape the emergence of complex behaviors in open-ended ecological environments. In our setting, agents are unsupervised and have no explicit rewards or learning objectives but instead evolve…

Understanding the functional architecture of complex systems is crucial to illuminate their inner workings and enable effective methods for their prediction and control. Recent advances have introduced tools to characterise emergent…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2024-06-06 Fernando E. Rosas , Bernhard C. Geiger , Andrea I Luppi , Anil K. Seth , Daniel Polani , Michael Gastpar , Pedro A. M. Mediano

Which factors govern the evolution of mutation rates and emergence of species? Here, we address this question using a first principles model of life where population dynamics of asexual organisms is coupled to molecular properties and…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2009-11-13 Muyoung Heo , Louis Kang , Eugene I. Shakhnovich
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