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Nanotechnology and synthetic biology currently constitute one of the most innovative, interdisciplinary fields of research, poised to radically transform society in the 21st century. This paper concerns the synthetic design of ribonucleic…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2015-05-29 Ivan Dotu , Juan Antonio Garcia-Martin , Betty L. Slinger , Vinodh Mechery , Michelle M. Meyer , Peter Clote

Motivation: RNA thermometers (RNATs) are cis-regulatory ele- ments that change secondary structure upon temperature shift. Often involved in the regulation of heat shock, cold shock and virulence genes, RNATs constitute an interesting…

The growing significance of RNA engineering in diverse biological applications has spurred interest in developing AI methods for structure-based RNA design. While diffusion models have excelled in protein design, adapting them for RNA…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-06-11 Divya Nori , Wengong Jin

The problem of RNA secondary structure design (also called inverse folding) is the following: given a target secondary structure, one aims to create a sequence that folds into, or is compatible with, a given structure. In several practical…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2013-08-02 Yu Zhou , Yann Ponty , Stéphane Vialette , Jérôme Waldispühl , Yi Zhang , Alain Denise

Motivation: Predicting the secondary structure of an RNA sequence is useful in many applications. Existing algorithms (based on dynamic programming) suffer from a major limitation: their runtimes scale cubically with the RNA length, and…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2020-01-14 Liang Huang , He Zhang , Dezhong Deng , Kai Zhao , Kaibo Liu , David A. Hendrix , David H. Mathews

RNA inverse sequence design has broad biological and engineering applications, but computational methods for practical design queries remain limited. Such queries may impose several constraints at once, including target folds or motifs,…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-11 Michael Lindsey

The Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) inverse folding problem, designing nucleotide sequences that fold into specific tertiary structures, is a fundamental computational biology problem with important applications in synthetic biology and…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-01 Mehyar Mlaweh , Tristan Cazenave , Ines Alaya

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) binds to molecules to achieve specific biological functions. While generative models are advancing biomolecule design, existing methods for designing RNA that target specific ligands face limitations in capturing…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-14 Runze Ma , Zhongyue Zhang , Zichen Wang , Chenqing Hua , Jiahua Rao , Zhuomin Zhou , Shuangjia Zheng

RNA design shows growing applications in synthetic biology and therapeutics, driven by the crucial role of RNA in various biological processes. A fundamental challenge is to find functional RNA sequences that satisfy given structural…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-04-18 Han Huang , Ziqian Lin , Dongchen He , Liang Hong , Yu Li

Motivation: RNA design aims to find RNA sequences that fold into a given target secondary structure, a problem also known as RNA inverse folding. However, not all target structures are designable. Recent advances in RNA designability have…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Tianshuo Zhou , David H. Mathews , Liang Huang

The design and optimization of antibodies requires an intricate balance across multiple properties. Protein inverse folding models, capable of generating diverse sequences folding into the same structure, are promising tools for maintaining…

We introduce RNA-FrameFlow, the first generative model for 3D RNA backbone design. We build upon SE(3) flow matching for protein backbone generation and establish protocols for data preparation and evaluation to address unique challenges…

Accurate prediction of RNA three-dimensional (3D) structure remains an unsolved challenge. Determining RNA 3D structures is crucial for understanding their functions and informing RNA-targeting drug development and synthetic biology design.…

Background: RNA exhibits a variety of structural configurations. Here we consider a structure to be tantamount to the noncrossing Watson-Crick and \pairGU-base pairings (secondary structure) and additional cross-serial base pairs. These…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-03-12 James Z. M. Gao , Linda Y. M. Li , Christian M. Reidys

RNA design aims to identify RNA sequences that fold into a target secondary structure. This task is challenging in terms of computational efficiency. Most existing methods focus on either minimum free energy (MFE)-based or ensemble-based…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-04 Tianshuo Zhou , David H. Mathews , Liang Huang

Accurate RNA structure modeling remains difficult because RNA backbones are highly flexible, non-canonical interactions are prevalent, and experimentally determined 3D structures are comparatively scarce. We introduce \emph{RiboSphere}, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zhou Zhang , Hanqun Cao , Cheng Tan , Fang Wu , Pheng Ann Heng , Tianfan Fu

Background: RNA exhibits a variety of structural configurations. Here we consider a structure to be tantamount to the noncrossing Watson-Crick and \pairGU-base pairings (secondary structure) and additional cross-serial base pairs. These…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-03-11 James Z. M. Gao , Linda Y. M. Li , Christian M. Reidys

Protein inverse folding, the task of predicting amino acid sequences for desired structures, is pivotal for de novo protein design. However, existing GNN-based methods typically suffer from restricted receptive fields that miss long-range…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Sisi Yuan , Jiehuang Chen , Junchuang Cai , Dong Xu , Xueliang Li , Zexuan Zhu , Junkai Ji

Existing state-of-the-art methods that take a single RNA sequence and predict the corresponding RNA secondary-structure are thermodynamic methods. These predict the most stable RNA structure, but do not consider the process of structure…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2012-07-26 Jeff R. Proctor , Irmtraud M. Meyer

RNA plays a pivotal role in diverse biological processes, ranging from gene regulation to catalysis. Recent advances in RNA design, such as RfamGen, Ribodiffusion and RDesign, have demonstrated promising results, with successful designs of…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-11 Letian Gao , Zhi John Lu
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