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The existence of initial singularities in expanding universes is proved without assuming the timelike convergence condition. The assumptions made in the proof are ones likely to hold both in open universes and in many closed ones. (It is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 Arvind Borde

This article presents a comprehensive and rigorous overview of spacetime singularities within the framework of classical General Relativity. Singularities are defined through the failure of geodesic completeness, reflecting the limits of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-19 Jean-Pierre Luminet

In this talk we analyze the effect of recently proposed classes of sudden future singularities on causal geodesics of FLRW spacetimes. Geodesics are shown to be extendible and just the equations for geodesic deviation are singular, although…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-13 L. Fernández-Jambrina , R. Lazkoz

I investigate spacetime singularities from the point of view of the wavefunction of the universe. In order to extend the classical notion of geodesic incompleteness one has to include the proper time of an observer as a degree of freedom in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-14 Federico Piazza

Our assumption that spacetime is a continuum leads to many challenges in mathematical physics. Singularities, divergent integrals and the like threaten many of our favorite theories, from Newtonian gravity to classical electrodynamics,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-02-04 John C. Baez

The occurrence of singularities where spacetime curvature becomes infinite and geodesic evolution breaks down are inevitable events in classical general relativity (GR) unless one chooses an exotic matter violating weak energy condition.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-05 Bao-Fei Li , Parampreet Singh

Solutions of the Friedmann-Lemaitre cosmological equations of general relativity have been found with finite-time singularities that are everywhere regular, have regular Hubble expansion rate, and obey the strong-energy conditions but…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-11-15 John D. Barrow , S. Cotsakis , A. Tsokaros

The uniqueness theorems for general relativity and Yang-Mills theories can be circumvented by dropping the ubiquitous, yet often implicit, assumption that physical fields, such as the spacetime metric, are fundamental. The novel concept of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-23 Erick I. Duque

Recent results show that important singularities in General Relativity can be naturally described in terms of finite and invariant canonical geometric objects. Consequently, one can write field equations which are equivalent to Einstein's…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-03-06 Ovidiu Cristinel Stoica

We find that sudden future singularities may also appear in spatially inhomogeneous Stephani models of the universe. They are temporal pressure singularities and may appear independently of the spatial finite density singularities already…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Mariusz P. Dcabrowski

We show that simple scalar field models can give rise to curvature singularities in the effective Friedmann dynamics of Loop Quantum Cosmology (LQC). We find singular solutions for spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmologies with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-01-22 Thomas Cailleteau , Antonio Cardoso , Kevin Vandersloot , David Wands

Matter collapsing to a singularity in a gravitational field is still an intriguing question. Similar situation arises when discussing the very early universe or a universe recollapsing to a singularity. It is suggested that inclusion of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-07-04 C Sivaram , Kenath Arun , Venkata Manohara Reddy A

We review recent work on the existence and nature of cosmological singularities that can be formed during the evolution of generic as well as specific cosmological spacetimes in general relativity. We first discuss necessary and sufficient…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Spiros Cotsakis

We investigate the effects of quantum particle production on a classical sudden singularity occurring at fine time in a Friedmann universe. We use an exact solution to describe an initially radiation-dominated universe that evolves into a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-07-06 John D. Barrow , Antonio B. Batista , Julio C. Fabris , M. J. S. Houndjo

We refer to the classic definition of a singularity in Einstein's general relativity (based on geodesic incompletness) as well as to some other criteria to evaluate the nature of singularities in cosmology. We review what different…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-22 Mariusz P. Dabrowski

The singularity theorems of Penrose, Hawking, and Geroch predict the existence of incomplete inextendible causal geodesics in a wide range of physically adequate spacetimes modeling the gravitational collapse of stars and the expanding…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-01-03 István Rácz

Time dependent orbifolds with spacelike or null singularities have recently been studied as simple models of cosmological singularities. We show that their apparent simplicity is an illusion: the introduction of a single particle causes the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-09 Gary T. Horowitz , Joseph Polchinski

We use a method of linearization to study the emergence of the future cosmological singularity characterized by finite value of the cosmological radius. We uncover such singularities that keep Hubble parameter finite while making all higher…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-06-01 A. V. Yurov

We discuss the question of whether the existence of singularities is an intrinsic property of 4D spacetime. Our hypothesis is that singularities in 4D are induced by the separation of spacetime from the other dimensions. We examine this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Ponce de Leon

We extend the earlier linear studies of cosmological peculiar velocities to Friedmann universes with nonzero spatial curvature. In the process, we also compare our results with those obtained in cosmologies with Euclidean spatial sections.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-28 Eleftheria P. Miliou , Christos G. Tsagas