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While it has recently been demonstrated how to certify the maximal amount of randomness from any pure two-qubit entangled state in a device-independent way [E. Woodhead et al., Phys. Rev. Research 2, 042028(R)(2020)], the problem of optimal…

We investigate how much randomness can be extracted from a generic partially entangled pure state of two qubits in a device-independent setting, where a Bell test is used to certify the correct functioning of the apparatus. For any such…

Unpredictability, or randomness, of the outcomes of measurements made on an entangled state can be certified provided that the statistics violate a Bell inequality. In the standard Bell scenario where each party performs a single…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-01 F. J. Curchod , M. Johansson , R. Augusiak , M. J. Hoban , P. Wittek , A. Acín

We prove that as conjectured by Ac\'{\i}n et al. [Phys. Rev. A 93, 040102(R) (2016)], two bits of randomness can be certified in a device-independent way from one bit of entanglement using the maximal quantum violation of Gisin's elegant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-19 Ole Andersson , Piotr Badziąg , Irina Dumitru , Adán Cabello

We report on an optical setup generating more than one bit of randomness from one entangled bit (i.e. a maximally entangled state of two-qubits). The amount of randomness is certified through the observation of Bell non-local correlations.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-18 S. Gómez , A. Mattar , E. S. Gómez , D. Cavalcanti , O. Jiménez Farías , A. Acín , G. Lima

Certification of quantum systems and their properties has become a field of intensive studies. Here, taking advantage of the one-sided device-independent scenario (known also as quantum steering scenario), we propose a self-testing scheme…

We demonstrate to what extent many copies of maximally entangled two-qubit states enable for generating a greater amount of certified randomness than that can be certified from a single copy. Although it appears that greater the dimension…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-02 Shyam Sundar Mahato , A. K. Pan

The generation of certifiable randomness is one of the most promising applications of quantum technologies. Furthermore, the intrinsic non-locality of quantum correlations allow us to certify randomness in a device-independent way, i.e. one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-04 Brian Coyle , Elham Kashefi , Matty Hoban

Quantum mechanics predicts the existence of intrinsically random processes. Contrary to classical randomness, this lack of predictability can not be attributed to ignorance or lack of control. Here we find the optimal method to quantify the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-07 Elsa Passaro , Daniel Cavalcanti , Paul Skrzypczyk , Antonio Acín

Detection of entanglement in quantum networks consisting of many parties is one of the important steps towards building quantum communication and computation networks. We consider a scenario where the measurement devices used for this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-03 Ivan Šupić , Paul Skrzypczyk , Daniel Cavalcanti

Reliable randomness is a core ingredient in algorithms and applications ranging from numerical simulations to statistical sampling and cryptography. The outcomes of measurements on entangled quantum states can violate Bell inequalities,…

Quantum measurements on a two-level system can have more than two independent outcomes, and in this case, the measurement cannot be projective. Measurements of this general type are essential to an operational approach to quantum theory,…

Bell nonlocality as a resource for device independent certification schemes has been studied extensively in recent years. The strongest form of device independent certification is referred to as self-testing, which given a device certifies…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-15 Shubhayan Sarkar , Debashis Saha , Jędrzej Kaniewski , Remigiusz Augusiak

The security of any cryptographic scheme relies on access to random number generators. Device-independently certified random number generators provide maximum security as one can discard the presence of an intruder by considering only the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-13 Shubhayan Sarkar

Quantum measurements under realistic conditions reveal only partial information about a system. Yet, by performing sequential measurements on the same system, additional information can be accessed. We investigate this problem in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Carles Roch I Carceller , Hanwool Lee , Jonatan Bohr Brask , Kieran Flatt , Joonwoo Bae

In recent times, device-independent certification of quantum states has been one of the intensively studied areas in quantum information. However, all such schemes utilise projective measurements which are practically difficult to generate.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-06 Shubhayan Sarkar

We study the verification of maximally entangled states by virtue of the simplest measurement settings: local projective measurements without adaption. We show that optimal protocols are in one-to-one correspondence with complex projective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-01 Huangjun Zhu , Masahito Hayashi

The certification of quantum systems is essential for emerging quantum technologies, particularly in quantum communication, networks, and distributed computing, where maintaining a common reference frame across distant nodes poses…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Julian Eisfeld , Nikolai Wyderka

The intrinsic non-locality of correlations in Quantum Mechanics allow us to certify the behaviour of a quantum mechanism in a device independent way. In particular, we present a new protocol that allows an unbounded amount of randomness to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-01 Brian Coyle , Matty J. Hoban , Elham Kashefi

The outcomes of local measurements made on entangled systems can be certified to be random provided that the generated statistics violate a Bell inequality. This way of producing randomness relies only on a minimal set of assumptions…

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