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We consider the problem of constructing optimal designs for model discrimination between competing regression models. Various new properties of optimal designs with respect to the popular $T$-optimality criterion are derived, which in many…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-08-14 Holger Dette , Stefanie Titoff

We present and study an agent-based model of T-Cell cross-regulation in the adaptive immune system, which we apply to binary classification. Our method expands an existing analytical model of T-cell cross-regulation (Carneiro et al. in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2015-03-18 Alaa Abi-Haidar , Luis M. Rocha

Most research on natural language processing treats bias as an absolute concept: Based on a (probably complex) algorithmic analysis, a sentence, an article, or a text is classified as biased or not. Given the fact that for humans the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Alonso Palomino , Martin Potthast , Khalid Al-Khatib , Benno Stein

Cells are known to exert forces to sense their physical surroundings for guidance of motion and fate decisions. Here, we propose that cells might do mechanical work to drive their own evolution, taking inspiration from the adaptive immune…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2023-03-29 Hongda Jiang , Shenshen Wang

The mammalian adaptive immune system has evolved over millions of years to become an incredibly effective defense against foreign antigens. The adaptive immune system's humoral response creates plasma B cells and memory B cells, each with…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2021-06-21 Stephen Lindsly , Maya Gupta , Cooper Stansbury , Indika Rajapakse

Dendritic cells are antigen presenting cells that provide a vital link between the innate and adaptive immune system. Research into this family of cells has revealed that they perform the role of coordinating T-cell based immune responses,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-07-05 Julie Greensmith , Uwe Aickelin , Steve Cayzer

Complex adaptive systems have been the subject of much recent attention. It is by now well-established that members (`agents') tend to self-segregate into opposing groups characterized by extreme behavior. However, while different social…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-07 Shahar Hod , Ehud Nakar

We explore the problem of learning under selective labels in the context of algorithm-assisted decision making. Selective labels is a pervasive selection bias problem that arises when historical decision making blinds us to the true outcome…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-06 Maria De-Arteaga , Artur Dubrawski , Alexandra Chouldechova

The efficient recognition of pathogens by the adaptive immune system relies on the diversity of receptors displayed at the surface of immune cells. T-cell receptor diversity results from an initial random DNA editing process, called VDJ…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-04-28 Yuval Elhanati , Anand Murugan , Curtis G. Callan , Thierry Mora , Aleksandra M. Walczak

The vertebrate immune system is a wonder of modern evolution. Occasionally, however, correlations within the immune system lead to inappropriate recruitment of preexisting T cells against novel viral diseases. We present a random energy…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2009-11-10 Jeong-Man Park , Michael W. Deem

We demonstrate how concepts of statistical mechanics of interacting particles can have important implications in the choice of interaction potentials to model qualitative properties of cell aggregates in theoretical biology. We illustrate…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2017-06-29 J. A. Carrillo , A. Colombi , M. Scianna

The phenomenon of immunological memory has been known for a long time. But, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. According to the theory of clonal selection the response to a specific invading antigen (e.g., bacteria) is offered…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Debashish Chowdhury

The adaptive immune system is a natural diagnostic and therapeutic. It recognizes threats earlier than clinical symptoms manifest and neutralizes antigen with exquisite specificity. Recognition specificity and broad reactivity is enabled…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-07-26 Alex J. Brown , Igor Snapkov , Rahmad Akbar , Milena Pavlović , Enkelejda Miho , Geir K. Sandve , Victor Greiff

We explore the fundamental problem of sorting through the lens of learning-augmented algorithms, where algorithms can leverage possibly erroneous predictions to improve their efficiency. We consider two different settings: In the first…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Xingjian Bai , Christian Coester

A central feature of vertebrate immune response is affinity maturation, wherein antibody-producing B cells undergo evolutionary selection in microanatomical structures called germinal centers, which form in secondary lymphoid organs upon…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-02-15 Bertrand Ottino-Loffler , Gabriel Victora

Selective labels are a common feature of consequential decision-making applications, referring to the lack of observed outcomes under one of the possible decisions. This paper reports work in progress on learning decision policies in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Dennis Wei

In this paper, based on results of exact learning and test theory, we study arbitrary infinite binary information systems each of which consists of an infinite set of elements and an infinite set of two-valued functions (attributes) defined…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Mikhail Moshkov

The biological immune system is a robust, complex, adaptive system that defends the body from foreign pathogens. It is able to categorize all cells (or molecules) within the body as self-cells or non-self cells. It does this with the help…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-07-05 Uwe Aickelin , Dipankar Dasgupta

Immunological self/not-self discrimination is conventionally seen as an extracellular event, involving interactions been receptors on T cells pre-educated to discriminate, and peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex proteins…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2014-08-15 Donald R. Forsdyke

An essential feature of the adaptive immune system is the proliferation of antigen-specific lymphocytes during an immune reaction to form a large pool of effector cells. This proliferation must be regulated to ensure an effective response…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-01-06 Andreas Mayer , Yaojun Zhang , Alan S. Perelson , Ned S. Wingreen