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The scattering rate at dark-matter direct-detection experiments should modulate annually due to the Earth's orbit around the Sun. The rate is typically thought to be extremized around June 1, when the relative velocity of the Earth with…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-02-03 Samuel K. Lee , Mariangela Lisanti , Annika H. G. Peter , Benjamin R. Safdi

The time-dependent modulation of the event rate in dark matter direct detection experiments, arising from the motion of the Earth with respect to the Galactic rest frame, is a distinctive signature whose observation is crucial for claiming…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-02-19 Carlos Blanco , Joshua W. Foster , Yonatan Kahn , Benjamin Lillard

The signals in dark matter direct-detection experiments should exhibit modulation signatures due to the Earth's motion with respect to the Galactic dark matter halo. The annual and daily modulations, due to the Earth's revolution about the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-21 Vivian Britto , Joel Meyers

Direct detection experiments, which are designed to detect the scattering of dark matter off nuclei in detectors, are a critical component in the search for the Universe's missing matter. The count rate in these experiments should…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-04 Katherine Freese , Mariangela Lisanti , Christopher Savage

We consider the effect of the Sun's gravitational potential on the local phase space distribution of dark matter particles, focusing on its implication for the annual modulation signal in direct detection experiments. We perform a fit to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Nassim Bozorgnia , Thomas Schwetz

The measurement of an annual modulation in the event rate of direct dark matter detection experiments is a powerful tool for dark matter discovery. Indeed, several experiments have already claimed such a discovery in the past decade. While…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-05 Francis Froborg , Alan R Duffy

The count rate at dark-matter direct-detection experiments should modulate annually due to the motion of the Earth around the Sun. We show that higher-frequency modulations, including daily modulation, are also present and in some cases are…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-16 Samuel K. Lee , Mariangela Lisanti , Benjamin R. Safdi

We investigate the diurnal modulation of the event rate for dark matter scattering on solid targets arising from the directionally dependent defect creation threshold energy. In particular, we quantify how this effect would help in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-09-29 Sebastian Sassi , Abolfazl Dinmohammadi , Matti Heikinheimo , Nader Mirabolfathi , Kai Nordlund , Hossein Safari , Kimmo Tuominen

We calculate the diurnal and annual modulation of the signals in axion and WIMP dark matter detectors on Earth caused by a cold flow of dark matter in the Solar neighborhood. The effects of the Sun's and the Earth's gravity, and of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Fu-Sin Ling , Pierre Sikivie , Stuart Wick

We present some theoretical results relevant to the direct dark matter detection experiments, paying particular attention to directional experiments, i.e. experiments in which, not only the energy but the direction of the recoiling nucleus…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 J. D. Vergados , Ch. C. Moustakidis

Mirror and more generic hidden sector dark matter models can simultaneously explain the DAMA, CoGeNT and CRESST dark matter signals consistently with the null results of the other experiments. This type of dark matter can be captured by the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-30 R. Foot

Earth's rotation about the Sun produces an annual modulation in the expected scattering rate at direct dark matter detection experiments. The annual modulation as a function of the recoil energy $E_\text{R}$ imparted by the dark matter…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-02-17 Eugenio Del Nobile , Graciela B. Gelmini , Samuel J. Witte

In the present work we study possible time dependent effects in Axion Dark Matter searches employing resonant cavities. We find that the width of the resonance, which depends on the axion mean square velocity in the local frame, will show…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-11-30 Y. Semertzidis , J. D. Vergados

The aim of the current work is a detailed time-series analysis of the data from Dark Matter direct detection experiments as well as related datasets. We examine recent claims that the cosmic ray muon flux can be responsible for generating…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-03-19 Spencer Chang , Josef Pradler , Itay Yavin

Due to Earth's revolution around the Sun, the expected scattering rate in direct dark matter searches is annually modulated. This modulation is expected to differ between experiments when given as a function of recoil energy $E_\text{R}$,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-24 Eugenio Del Nobile , Graciela B. Gelmini , Samuel J. Witte

Contains a summary, current status and prospects for the direct detection of cold dark matter using diurnal modulation effects as presented at the ELAF 93, Mar del Plata Argentina. The potential advantages of using the Earth as an absorber…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. E. Di Gregorio , A. Gattone , H. Huck , A. O. Macchiavelli , S. Gil , J. Collar , F. T. Avignone

We point out that for a range of parameters, the flux of DM may be stopped significantly by its interactions with the Earth. This can significantly degrade the sensitivity of direct detection experiments to DM candidates with large…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-04-02 Chris Kouvaris , Ian M. Shoemaker

We derive constraints on the annual modulation signal in Dark Matter (DM) direct detection experiments in terms of the unmodulated event rate. A general bound independent of the details of DM distribution follows from the assumption that…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-03 Juan Herrero-Garcia , Thomas Schwetz , Jure Zupan

We study how gravitational focusing (GF) of dark matter by the Sun affects the annual and biannual modulation of the expected signal in non-directional direct dark matter searches, in the presence of dark matter substructure in the local…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-09-09 Eugenio Del Nobile , Graciela B. Gelmini , Samuel J. Witte

Dark matter particles with sufficiently large interactions with ordinary matter can scatter in the Earth before reaching and scattering in a detector. This induces a modulation in the signal rate with a period of one sidereal day. We…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-11-17 Xavier Bertou , Ansh Desai , Timon Emken , Rouven Essig , Tomer Volansky , Tien-Tien Yu
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