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Bilevel optimization and bilevel minimax optimization have recently emerged as unifying frameworks for a range of machine-learning tasks, including hyperparameter optimization and reinforcement learning. The existing literature focuses on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Xuelin Zhang , Peipei Yuan

Inspired by multigrid methods for linear systems of equations, multilevel optimization methods have been proposed to solve structured optimization problems. Multilevel methods make more assumptions regarding the structure of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-11-27 Chin Pang Ho , Michal Kocvara , Panos Parpas

Learned data models based on sparsity are widely used in signal processing and imaging applications. A variety of methods for learning synthesis dictionaries, sparsifying transforms, etc., have been proposed in recent years, often imposing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-22 Saiprasad Ravishankar , Brendt Wohlberg

We propose a new approach to solving bilevel optimization problems, intermediate between solving full-system optimality conditions with a Newton-type approach, and treating the inner problem as an implicit function. The overall idea is to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-08 Ensio Suonperä , Tuomo Valkonen

Bilevel optimisation is used in inverse imaging problems for hyperparameter learning/identification and experimental design, for instance, to find optimal regularisation parameters and forward operators. However, computationally, the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-06 Ensio Suonperä , Tuomo Valkonen

In modern deep learning, the models are learned by applying gradient updates using an optimizer, which transforms the updates based on various statistics. Optimizers are often hand-designed and tuning their hyperparameters is a big part of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Gus Kristiansen , Mark Sandler , Andrey Zhmoginov , Nolan Miller , Anirudh Goyal , Jihwan Lee , Max Vladymyrov

Many techniques have been proposed for image reconstruction in medical imaging that aim to recover high-quality images especially from limited or corrupted measurements. Model-based reconstruction methods have been particularly popular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Zhishen Huang , Siqi Ye , Michael T. McCann , Saiprasad Ravishankar

We design and analyze a novel accelerated gradient-based algorithm for a class of bilevel optimization problems. These problems have various applications arising from machine learning and image processing, where optimal solutions of the two…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-20 Sepideh Samadi , Daniel Burbano , Farzad Yousefian

Enhancing images in low-light scenes is a challenging but widely concerned task in the computer vision. The mainstream learning-based methods mainly acquire the enhanced model by learning the data distribution from the specific scenes,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Long Ma , Dian Jin , Nan An , Jinyuan Liu , Xin Fan , Risheng Liu

We investigate a family of bilevel imaging learning problems where the lower-level instance corresponds to a convex variational model involving first- and second-order nonsmooth sparsity-based regularizers. By using geometric properties of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-21 Juan Carlos De los Reyes

In this work we consider a generalized bilevel optimization framework for solving inverse problems. We introduce fractional Laplacian as a regularizer to improve the reconstruction quality, and compare it with the total variation…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-24 Harbir Antil , Zichao Di , Ratna Khatri

We introduce a unified framework based on bi-level optimization schemes to deal with parameter learning in the context of image processing. The goal is to identify the optimal regularizer within a family depending on a parameter in a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-09-15 Elisa Davoli , Rita Ferreira , Carolin Kreisbeck , Hidde Schönberger

Machine learning methods for computational imaging require uncertainty estimation to be reliable in real settings. While Bayesian models offer a computationally tractable way of recovering uncertainty, they need large data volumes to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Francesco Tonolini , Jack Radford , Alex Turpin , Daniele Faccio , Roderick Murray-Smith

A bilevel training scheme is used to introduce a novel class of regularizers, providing a unified approach to standard regularizers $TV$, $TGV^2$ and $NsTGV^2$. Optimal parameters and regularizers are identified, and the existence of a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-02-05 Elisa Davoli , Irene Fonseca , Pan Liu

Diffusion models, which iteratively denoise data samples to synthesize high-quality outputs, have achieved empirical success across domains. However, optimizing these models for downstream tasks often involves nested bilevel structures,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Quan Xiao , Hui Yuan , A F M Saif , Gaowen Liu , Ramana Kompella , Mengdi Wang , Tianyi Chen

It is now well known that Markov random fields (MRFs) are particularly effective for modeling image priors in low-level vision. Recent years have seen the emergence of two main approaches for learning the parameters in MRFs: (1)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-01-17 Yunjin Chen , Thomas Pock , René Ranftl , Horst Bischof

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown outstanding performance on image denoising with the help of large-scale datasets. Earlier methods naively trained a single CNN with many pairs of clean-noisy images. However, the conditional…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-05 Jae Woong Soh , Nam Ik Cho

Bilevel optimization has become a powerful framework in various machine learning applications including meta-learning, hyperparameter optimization, and network architecture search. There are generally two classes of bilevel optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Kaiyi Ji

Bilevel optimization has been successfully applied to many important machine learning problems. Algorithms for solving bilevel optimization have been studied under various settings. In this paper, we study the nonconvex-strongly-convex…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-14 Xuxing Chen , Minhui Huang , Shiqian Ma

Deep learning methods have recently made notable advances in the tasks of classification and representation learning. These tasks are important for brain imaging and neuroscience discovery, making the methods attractive for porting to a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2014-02-20 Sergey M. Plis , Devon R. Hjelm , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Vince D. Calhoun