Related papers: An unexpected encounter with Cauchy and L\'evy

Let $X_0$ be a non-constant random variable with finite variance. Given an integer $k\ge2$, define a sequence $\{X_n\}_{n=1}^\infty$ of approximately linear recursions with small perturbations $\{\Delta_n\}_{n=0}^\infty$ by $$X_{n+1} =…

We characterise probability distributions via a martingale property associated with a natural generalisation of record values, known as $\delta$-records. For an independent and identically distributed sequence $(X_n)$ with running maximum…

We are concerned with the general problem of proving the existence of joint distributions of two discrete random variables $M$ and $N$ subject to infinitely many constraints of the form $\mathbb{P}\left(M=i,N=j\right)=0$. In particular, the…

Circular variables arise in a multitude of data-modelling contexts ranging from robotics to the social sciences, but they have been largely overlooked by the machine learning community. This paper partially redresses this imbalance by…

Let $Z$ be a finite set of $s$ points in the projective space $\mathbb{P}^n$ over an algebraically closed field $F$. For each positive integer $m$, let $\alpha(mZ)$ denote the smallest degree of nonzero homogeneous polynomials in…

This note develops Rio's proof [C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris, 1995] of the rate of convergence in the Marcinkiewicz--Zygmund strong law of large numbers to the case of sums of dependent random variables with regularly varying normalizing…

We compare weighted sums of i.i.d. positive random variables according to the usual stochastic order. The main inequalities are derived using majorization techniques under certain log-concavity assumptions. Specifically, let $Y_i$ be i.i.d.…

We study the Cauchy problem for the generalized KdV and one-dimensional fourth-order derivative nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations, for which the global well-posedness of solutions with the small rough data in certain scaling limit of…

In probability theory, there is a tendency to treat one random variable with a given distribution as being just as good as any other. By and large this is fine because probability is (mostly) concerned with distributional properties of…

We study the energy-critical nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation with randomised initial data in dimensions $d>6$. We prove that the Cauchy problem is almost surely globally well-posed with scattering for randomised super-critical initial…

Power-law distributions are typical macroscopic features occurring in almost all complex systems observable in nature. As a result, researchers in quantitative analyses must often generate random synthetic variates obeying power-law…

A new three parameter natural extension of the Conway-Maxwell-Poisson (COM-Poisson) distribution is proposed. This distribution includes the recently proposed COM-Poisson type negative binomial (COM-NB) distribution [Chakraborty, S. and…

We establish large deviation formulas for linear statistics on the $N$ transmission eigenvalues $\{T_i\}$ of a chaotic cavity, in the framework of Random Matrix Theory. Given any linear statistics of interest $A=\sum_{i=1}^N a(T_i)$, the…

Stochastic dominance of a random variable by a convex combination of its independent copies has recently been shown to hold within the relatively narrow class of distributions with concave odds function, and later extended to broader…

Sampling bias is a foundational concept in statistics; associated bias transforms, such as size bias, have come to play important roles in probability theory of late. The first author and G. Reinert introduced zero bias, a transform whose…

In this paper, we propose a new distribution with unitary support which can be characterized as a ratio of the type $W=X_1/(X_1+X_2)$, where $(X_1, X_2)^\top$ follows a bivariate extreme distribution with Fr\'echet margins, that is, $X_1$…

Let $G_1,\dots,G_m$ be independent copies of the standard gaussian random vector in $\mathbb{R}^d$. We show that there is an absolute constant $c$ such that for any $A \subset S^{d-1}$, with probability at least $1-2\exp(-c\Delta m)$, for…

We introduce a new characterization of the Cauchy distribution and propose a class of goodness-of-fit tests to the Cauchy family. The limit distribution is derived in a Hilbert space framework under the null hypothesis and under fixed…

Let $B(n,p)$ denote a binomial random variable with parameters $n$ and $p$. Chv\'{a}tal's theorem says that for any fixed $n\geq 2$, as $m$ ranges over $\{0,\ldots,n\}$, the probability $q_m:=P(B(n,m/n)\leq m)$ is the smallest when $m$ is…

This paper argues that the half-Cauchy distribution should replace the inverse-Gamma distribution as a default prior for a top-level scale parameter in Bayesian hierarchical models, at least for cases where a proper prior is necessary. Our…