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An ordered graph is a graph enhanced with a linear order on the vertex set. An ordered graph is a core if it does not have an order-preserving homomorphism to a proper subgraph. We say that $H$ is the core of $G$ if (i) $H$ is a core, (ii)…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Michal Čertík , Andreas Emil Feldmann , Jaroslav Nešetřil , Paweł Rzążewski

Graph theory is important in information theory. We introduce a quantization process on graphs and apply the quantized graphs in quantum information. The quon language provides a mathematical theory to study such quantized graphs in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-29 Zhengwei Liu

Following our previous works on $C^*$-graph algebras and the associated Cuntz-Krieger graph families, in this paper we will try to have a look at the colored version of these structures and to see what a $C^*$-colored graph algebra might…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2025-04-25 Farrokh Razavinia

Motivated by the sharp contrast between classical and quantum physics as probability theories, in these lecture notes I introduce the basic notions of operator algebras that are relevant for the algebraic approach to quantum physics.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-23 A. F. Reyes-Lega

Connectedness and bipartiteness are basic properties of classical graphs, and the purpose of this paper is to investigate the case of quantum graphs. We introduce the notion of connectedness and bipartiteness of quantum graphs in terms of…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2024-07-31 Junichiro Matsuda

We propose a novel variational method for solving the sub-graph isomorphism problem on a gate-based quantum computer. The method relies (1) on a new representation of the adjacency matrices of the underlying graphs, which requires a number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-05 Nicola Mariella , Andrea Simonetto

We introduce and study a notion of pureness for *-homomorphisms and, more generally, for cpc. order-zero maps. After providing several examples of pureness, such as "$\mathcal{Z}$-stable"-like maps, we focus on the question of when pure…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2024-06-18 Joan Bosa , Eduard Vilalta

Graph Isomorphism is such an important problem in computer science, that it has been widely studied over the last decades. It is well known that it belongs to NP class, but is not NP-complete. It is thought to be of comparable difficulty to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Hernán I. de la Cruz , Fernando L. Pelayo , Vicente Pascual , Jose J. Paulet , Fernando Cuartero , Luis Llana , Mauro Mezzini

Graph C*-algebras have been celebrated as C*-algebras that can be seen, because many important properties may be determined by looking at the underlying graph. This paper introduces the permutation graph for a permutative endomorphism of a…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2015-01-15 James Emil Avery , Rune Johansen , Wojciech Szymanski

We supply an upper bound on the distinguishing chromatic number of certain infinite graphs satisfying an adjacency property. Distinguishing proper $n$-colourings are generalized to the new notion of distinguishing homomorphisms. We prove…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-09-03 Anthony Bonato , Dejan Delic

Different graphical calculi have been proposed to represent quantum computation. First the ZX- calculus [4], followed by the ZW-calculus [12] and then the ZH-calculus [1]. We can wonder if new Z*-calculi will continue to be proposed…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Titouan Carette , Emmanuel Jeandel

Algebraic quantum field theory and prefactorization algebra are two mathematical approaches to quantum field theory. In this monograph, using a new coend definition of the Boardman-Vogt construction of a colored operad, we define homotopy…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-02-09 Donald Yau

The study of quantum chromatic numbers of graphs is a hot research topic in recent years. However, the infinite family of graphs with known quantum chromatic numbers are rare, as far as we know, the only known such graphs (except for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-31 Xiwang Cao , Keqin Feng , Ying-Ying Tan

We find a substantial class of pairs of $*$-homomorphisms between graph C*-algebras of the form $C^*(E)\hookrightarrow C^*(G)\twoheadleftarrow C^*(F)$ whose pullback C*-algebra is an AF graph C*-algebra. Our result can be interpreted as a…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2020-11-25 Alexandru Chirvasitu , Piotr M. Hajac , Mariusz Tobolski

In this survey, we explore recent literature on finding the cores of higher graphs using geometric and topological means. We study graphs, hypergraphs, and simplicial complexes, all of which are models of higher graphs. We study the notion…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-06-30 Inés García-Redondo , Claudia Landi , Sarah Percival , Anda Skeja , Bei Wang , Ling Zhou

We present a mathematical framework that unifies the quantum causal history formalism from theoretical high energy physics and the directed graph operator framework from the theory of operator algebras. The approach involves completely…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 David W. Kribs

k-graphs are higher-rank analogues of directed graphs which were first developed to provide combinatorial models for operator algebras of Cuntz-Krieger type. Here we develop the theory of covering spaces for k-graphs, obtaining a…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2008-05-23 David Pask , John Quigg , Iain Raeburn

In this article a new C*-algebra derived from the basic quantum variables: holonomies along paths and group-valued quantum flux operators in the framework of Loop Quantum Gravity is constructed. This development is based on the theory of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-08-24 Diana Kaminski

Homomorphism indistinguishability is a way of characterising many natural equivalence relations on graphs. Two graphs $G$ and $H$ are called homomorphism indistinguishable over a graph class $\mathcal{F}$ if for each $F \in \mathcal{F}$,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Tim Seppelt , Gian Luca Spitzer

In this paper we study the existence of homomorphisms $G\to H$ using semidefinite programming. Specifically, we use the vector chromatic number of a graph, defined as the smallest real number $t \ge 2$ for which there exists an assignment…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-29 Chris Godsil , David E. Roberson , Brendan Rooney , Robert Šámal , Antonios Varvitsiotis