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The rich body of physical theories defines the foundation of our understanding of the world. Its mathematical formulation is based on classical Aristotelian (binary) logic. In the philosophy of science the ambiguities, paradoxes, and the…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2022-04-08 Johannes Falk , Edwin Eichler , Katja Windt , Marc-Thorsten Hütt

Church's hypothesis and Godel's theorem may provide constraints on mental processes.As a relief quantum entanglement may lead to a definite proposal as regards the nature of reality and how much of it we are able to know and how do we know…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Chakraborty , I. Mitra

The paper discusses fundamental problems in mathematical description of social systems based on physical concepts, with so-called statistical social systems being the main subject of consideration. Basic properties of human beings and human…

Physics and Society · Physics 2011-04-11 Ihor Lubashevsky , Natalia Plawinska

Science is a crowning glory of the human spirit and its applications remain our best hope for social progress. But there are limitations to current science and perhaps to any science. The general mind-body problem is known to be intractable…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-03-29 Jerome Feldman

The article explores challenges presented by revelations in physics and the questions they provoke concerning reality. It sheds light on the disparity between the indefinite nature of quantum reality and our perception of classical reality.…

General Physics · Physics 2024-05-14 Jahan N. Schad

It is demonstrated how a convenient choice of the mathematical structure of the quantum cosmology superspace, precisely the definition of a convenient regular state superspace and the restriction of the dynamics to this space, yields…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-19 Mario Castagnino

Within the field of causal inference, it is desirable to learn the structure of causal relationships holding between a system of variables from the correlations that these variables exhibit; a sub-problem of which is to certify whether or…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2020-10-26 Thomas C. Fraser

Laymen and sometimes even physicists think of natural sciences, in particular of theoretical and mathematical physics often as subjects, which unfold according to an intrinsic logical pattern, with the limitations being set only by the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 B. Schroer

It is still common wisdom amongst economists, politicians and lay people that economic growth is a necessity of our social systems, at least to avoid distributional conflicts. This paper challenges such belief moving from a purely physical…

General Economics · Economics 2020-05-11 Angelo Tartaglia

The theory that all processes in the universe are computational is attractive in its promise to provide an understandable theory of everything. I want to suggest here that this pancomputationalism is not sufficiently clear on which problem…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Vincent C. Müller

When building a world model, a common assumption is that the environment has a single, unchanging underlying causal rule, like applying Newton's laws to every situation. In reality, what appears as a drifting causal mechanism is often the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Zhiyu Zhao , Haoxuan Li , Haifeng Zhang , Jun Wang , Francesco Faccio , Jürgen Schmidhuber , Mengyue Yang

On a scientific meta-level, it is discussed how an overall understanding of the physical universe can be built on the basis of well-proven theories, observations, and recent experiments. In the light of almost a century of struggle to make…

General Physics · Physics 2025-01-24 Knud Thomsen

It is argued that the problem of interpreting quantum mechanics, and the philosophical problem of consciousness, both have their roots in the same set of misguided Cartesian assumptions. The confusions underlying those assumptions are…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-04-07 D. M. Appleby

I will propose that the reality to which the quantum formalism implicitly refers is a kind of generalized history, the word history having here the same meaning as in the phrase sum-over-histories. This proposal confers a certain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-09 Rafael D. Sorkin

The paper discusses the problem of demarcation between the dimensions of natural and the human sciences in contemporary cosmology. In spite of a common presumption that cosmology is a natural science, the specificity of its alleged subject…

General Physics · Physics 2011-02-16 Alexei V. Nesteruk

We explain the quantum structure as due to the presence of two effects, (a) a real change of state of the entity under influence of the measurement and, (b) a lack of knowledge about a deeper deterministic reality of the measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Diederik Aerts

We discuss the nature of reality in the ontological context of Penrose's math-matter-mind triangle. The triangle suggests the circularity of the widespread view that math arises from the mind, the mind arises out of matter, and that matter…

Popular Physics · Physics 2009-10-07 Piet Hut , Mark Alford , Max Tegmark

Objects are a centerpiece of the mathematical realm and our interaction with and reasoning about it, just as they are of the physical one (if not more). And humans' mathematical reasoning must ultimately be grounded in our general…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Aviv Keren

Humans are able to conceive physical reality by jointly learning different facets thereof. To every pair of notions related to a perceived reality may correspond a mutual relation, which is a notion on its own, but one-level higher. Thus,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Luka Nenadović , Vladimir Prelovac

The power of neural networks lies in their ability to generalize to unseen data, yet the underlying reasons for this phenomenon remain elusive. Numerous rigorous attempts have been made to explain generalization, but available bounds are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-17 W. Ronny Huang , Zeyad Emam , Micah Goldblum , Liam Fowl , J. K. Terry , Furong Huang , Tom Goldstein