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Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) stands as a revolutionary approach to secure communication, using the principles of quantum mechanics to establish unbreakable channels. Unlike traditional cryptography, which relies on the computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Alec L. Riso , Karthik Thyagarajan , Connor Whiting , Katherine Jimenez

Quantum key distribution (QKD) which enables information-theoretically security is now heading towards quantum secure networks. It requires high-performance and cost-effective protocols while increasing the number of users. Unfortunately,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-07 Yiming Bian , Yi-Chen Zhang , Chao Zhou , Song Yu , Zhengyu Li , Hong Guo

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a method that distributes a secret key to a sender and a receiver by the transmission of quantum particles (e.g. photons). Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) is a version of QKD with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-27 Matthias Christandl , Roberto Ferrara , Karol Horodecki

Quantum key distribution (QKD) networks hold promise for sharing secure randomness over multi-partities. Most existing QKD network schemes and demonstrations are based on trusted relays or limited to point-to-point scenario. Here, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-30 Wen-Fei Cao , Yi-Zheng Zhen , Yu-Lin Zheng , Shuai Zhao , Feihu Xu , Li Li , Zeng-Bing Chen , Nai-Le Liu , Kai Chen

Quantum computing poses significant threats to conventional cryptographic techniques such as RSA and AES, motivating the need for quantum secure communication methods. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) offers information theoretic security…

We develop a general theory for quantum key distribution (QKD) in both the forward error correction and the reverse error correction cases when the QKD system is equipped with phase-randomized coherent light with arbitrary number of decoy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Masahito Hayashi

The original proposal of quantum key distribution (QKD) was based on ideal single photon sources, which 40 years later, are still challenging to develop. Therefore, the development of decoy state protocols using weak coherent states (WCS)…

We review the current status of security proofs for practical decoy-state Quantum Key Distribution using the BB84 protocol, focusing on optical implementations with weak coherent pulses and threshold photodetectors. The primary aim of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-19 Devashish Tupkary , Ernest Y. -Z. Tan , Shlok Nahar , Lars Kamin , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a cornerstone of the secure quantum encryption. Building on the quantum irreversibility, we develop a technique reborning the existing QKDs into protocols that are unrestricted in distance and have…

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) has gathered significant interest for its potential to achieve high secret key rates and seamless integration with existing optical communication infrastructure. State-of-the-art CV-QKD…

The malicious manipulation of quantum key distribution (QKD) hardware is a serious threat to its security, as, typically, neither end users nor QKD manufacturers can validate the integrity of every component of their QKD system in practice.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Víctor Zapatero , Marcos Curty

A realistic Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol necessarily deals with finite resources, such as the number of signals exchanged by the two parties. We derive a bound on the secret key rate which is expressed as an optimization problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-13 Silvestre Abruzzo , Hermann Kampermann , Markus Mertz , Dagmar Bruß

Unambiguous state discrimination (USD) is one of the major obstacles for practical quantum key distribution (QKD). Often overlooked, it allows efficient eavesdropping in majority of practical systems, provided the overall channel loss is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-10 K. S. Kravtsov , I. V. Radchenko , S. P. Kulik , S. N. Molotkov

Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers an unconditionally secure means of communication based on the laws of quantum mechanics. Currently, a major challenge is to achieve a QKD system with a 40 dB channel loss, which is required if we are to…

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) using coherent states and heterodyne detection enables secure quantum communication based on technology that has large similarities to coherent optical telecommunication. Yet, practical…

We present a new technique for proving the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols. It is based on direct information-theoretic arguments and thus also applies if no equivalent entanglement purification scheme can be found.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 R. Renner , N. Gisin , B. Kraus

Based on the fundamental rules of quantum mechanics, two communicating parties can generate and share a secret random key that can be used to encrypt and decrypt messages sent over an insecure channel. This process is known as quantum key…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-25 Ivan Vybornyi , Abderrahmen Trichili , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Quantum key distribution (QKD), which promises secure key exchange between two remote parties, is now moving toward the realization of scalable and secure QKD networks (QNs). Fully connected, trusted node-free QNs have been realized based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-18 Wenhan Yan , Xiaodong Zheng , Wenjun Wen , Liangliang Lu , Yifeng Du , Yanqing Lu , Shining Zhu , Xiao-Song Ma

Passive implementations of quantum key distribution (QKD) sources are highly desirable as they eliminate side-channels that active modulators might introduce. Up till now, passive decoy-state and passive encoding BB84 schemes have both been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-14 Wenyuan Wang , Rong Wang , Victor Zapatero , Li Qian , Bing Qi , Marcos Curty , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Coherent one-way quantum key distribution (COW-QKD) has been widely investigated, and even been deployed in real-world quantum network. However, the proposal of the zero-error attack has critically undermined its security guarantees, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Xiao-Yu Cao , Xiao-Ran Sun , Ming-Yang Li , Yu-Shuo Lu , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen