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Filtering is a general name for inferring the states of a dynamical system given observations. The most common filtering approach is Gaussian Filtering (GF) where the distribution of the inferred states is a Gaussian whose mean is an affine…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-11-21 Arash Mehrjou , Bernhard Schölkopf

One of the most common misconceptions made about the Kalman filter when applied to linear systems is that it requires an assumption that all error and noise processes are Gaussian. This misconception has frequently led to the Kalman filter…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-02 Jeffrey Uhlmann , Simon Julier

Many filters have been proposed in recent decades for the nonlinear state estimation problem. The linearization-based extended Kalman filter (EKF) is widely applied to nonlinear industrial systems. As EKF is limited in accuracy and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-29 Chengling Fang , Jiang Liu , Songqing Ye , Ju Zhang

This article presents an up-to-date tutorial review of nonlinear Bayesian estimation. State estimation for nonlinear systems has been a challenge encountered in a wide range of engineering fields, attracting decades of research effort. To…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-12-15 Huazhen Fang , Ning Tian , Yebin Wang , MengChu Zhou , Mulugeta A. Haile

In this paper we revisit a non-linear filter for {\em non-Gaussian} noises that was introduced in [1]. Goggin proved that transforming the observations by the score function and then applying the Kalman Filter (KF) to the transformed…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Imon Banerjee , Itai Gurvich

The Kalman filter (KF) is one of the most widely used tools for data assimilation and sequential estimation. In this work, we show that the state estimates from the KF in a standard linear dynamical system setting are equivalent to those…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-04 Maria Jahja , David C. Farrow , Roni Rosenfeld , Ryan J. Tibshirani

The Kalman filter (KF) is used in a variety of applications for computing the posterior distribution of latent states in a state space model. The model requires a linear relationship between states and observations. Extensions to the Kalman…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-08-31 Michael C. Burkhart , David M. Brandman , Carlos E. Vargas-Irwin , Matthew T. Harrison

The Kalman filter is ubiquitous for state space models because of its desirable statistical properties, ease of implementation, and generally good performance. However, it can perform poorly in the presence of outliers, or measurements with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-26 Michael J. Walsh

Multi-modal densities appear frequently in time series and practical applications. However, they cannot be represented by common state estimators, such as the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), which…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2014-01-03 Sanket Kamthe , Jan Peters , Marc P Deisenroth

The Gaussian function (GF) is widely used to explain the behavior or statistical distribution of many natural phenomena as well as industrial processes in different disciplines of engineering and applied science. For example, the GF can be…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-08 Ibrahim Al-Nahhal , Octavia A. Dobre , Ertugrul Basar , Cecilia Moloney , Salama Ikki

In this letter, a new filtering technique to solve a nonlinear state estimation problem has been developed. It is well known that for a nonlinear system, the prior and posterior probability density functions (pdf) are non-Gaussian in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-03 Kundan Kumar , Shovan Bhaumik

The Kalman filter is an established tool for the analysis of dynamic systems with normally distributed noise, and it has been successfully applied in numerous application areas. It provides sequentially calculated estimates of the system…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-10-26 S. Eichstädt , N. Makarava , C. Elster

Practical Bayes filters often assume the state distribution of each time step to be Gaussian for computational tractability, resulting in the so-called Gaussian filters. When facing nonlinear systems, Gaussian filters such as extended…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Wenhan Cao , Tianyi Zhang , Zeju Sun , Chang Liu , Stephen S. -T. Yau , Shengbo Eben Li

Bayesian filtering is a cornerstone of state estimation in complex systems such as aerospace systems, yet exact solutions are available only for linear Gaussian models. In practice,nonlinear systems are handled through tractable…

This work studies the problem of stochastic dynamic filtering and state propagation with complex beliefs. The main contribution is GP-SUM, a filtering algorithm tailored to dynamic systems and observation models expressed as Gaussian…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-02-01 Maria Bauza , Alberto Rodriguez

Nonlinear/non-Gaussian filtering has broad applications in many areas of life sciences where either the dynamic is nonlinear and/or the probability density function of uncertain state is non-Gaussian. In such problems, the accuracy of the…

Computation · Statistics 2012-08-02 Hatef Monajemi , Peter K. Kitanidis

Recursive estimation of nonlinear dynamical systems is an important problem that arises in several engineering applications. Consistent and accurate propagation of uncertainties is important to ensuring good estimation performance. It is…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-03-16 Dilshad Raihan Akkam Veettil , Suman Chakravorty

In this manuscript we introduce numerical Gaussian process Kalman filtering (GPKF). Numerical Gaussian processes have recently been developed to simulate spatiotemporal models. The contribution of this paper is to embed numerical Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-05-12 Armin Küper , Steffen Waldherr

State-space models (SSMs) are a broad class of probabilistic models for dynamical systems with many applications in engineering and science. Bayesian filtering is analytically tractable only in the linear-Gaussian setting, where the Kalman…

Computation · Statistics 2026-05-22 Kostas Tsampourakis , Víctor Elvira

This paper studies the distributed state estimation problem for a class of discrete time-varying systems over sensor networks. Firstly, it is shown that a networked Kalman filter with optimal gain parameter is actually a centralized filter,…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Xingkang He , Wenchao Xue , Haitao Fang
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