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We propose a novel space division multiplexing (SDM) technique based on spatial phase encoding, which may provide a new perspective beyond the conventional SDM in free space optical communications, such as multiplexing of orbital angular…

The Multiconjugate Adaptive optics Demonstrator (MAD) for ESO-Very Large Telescopes (VLT) will demonstrate on sky the MultiConjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO) technique. In this paper the laboratory tests relative to the first preliminary…

Muon has recently emerged as a competitive alternative to AdamW for large-scale pre-training, with orthogonalization via Newton-Schulz (NS) iterations as its core operation. Existing Muon variants apply a uniform NS schedule to all…

Adaptive optic (AO) systems delivering high levels of wavefront correction are now common at observatories. One of the main limitations to image quality after wavefront correction comes from atmospheric refraction. An Atmospheric dispersion…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enable powerful cross-modal reasoning capabilities but impose substantial computational and latency burdens, posing critical challenges for deployment on resource-constrained edge devices. In this…

MagAO-X is the extreme coronagraphic adaptive optics (AO) instrument for the 6.5-meter Magellan Clay telescope and is currently undergoing a comprehensive batch of upgrades. One innovation that the instrument features is a deformable mirror…

SAXO+ is a proposed upgrade to SAXO, the AO system of the SPHERE instrument on the ESO Very Large Telescope. It will improve the capabilities of the instrument for the detection and characterization of young giant planets. It includes a…

We develop a framework for self-consistently extracting cosmological information from the clustering of tracers in redshift space, $\textit{without}$ relying on model-dependent templates to describe the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO)…

We demonstrate a novel architecture for Adaptive Optics (AO) control based on FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), making active use of their configurable parallel processing capability. SPARC's unique capabilities are demonstrated…

The spatial curvature ($K$ or $\Omega_K$) is one of the most fundamental parameters of an isotropic and homogeneous universe and has a close link to the physics of the early Universe. Combining the radial and angular diameter distances…

We develop methods for investigating baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) features in cosmological models with non-trivial (but slowly varying) averaged spatial curvature: models that are not necessarily flat, close to flat, nor with constant…

Bright single and binary stars were observed at the 4.1-m telescope with a fast electron-multiplication camera in the regime of partial turbulence correction by the visible-light adaptive optics system. We compare the angular resolution…

The prospect of quantum solutions for complicated optimization problems is contingent on mapping the original problem onto a tractable quantum energy landscape, e.g. an Ising-type Hamiltonian. Subsequently, techniques like adiabatic…

In this paper we propose a new approach for tomographic reconstruction with spatially varying regularization parameter. Our work is based on the SA-TV image restoration model proposed in [3] where an automated parameter selection rule for…

We present early laboratory simulations and extensive on-sky tests validating of the performance of a shaped pupil coronagraph (SPC) behind an extreme-AO corrected beam of the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExAO) system. In…

In this paper we present the approach we have used to determine and account for the anisoplanatic point spread function (PSF) in deep adaptive optics (AO) images for the Survey of a Wide Area with NACO (SWAN) at the ESO VLT. The survey…

Stacked AutoEncoders (SAE) have been widely adopted in edge anomaly detection scenarios. However, the resource-intensive nature of SAE can pose significant challenges for edge devices, which are typically resource-constrained and must adapt…

Acoustic waves traveling through the early Universe imprint a characteristic scale in the clustering of galaxies, QSOs and inter-galactic gas. This scale can be used as a standard ruler to map the expansion history of the Universe, a…

The Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) are features in the matter power spectrum on scales of order 100-150 h^{-1} Mpc that promise to be a powerful tool to constrain and test cosmological models. The BAO have attracted such attention that…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications that require careful balancing of multiple, often conflicting, objectives, such as informativeness versus conciseness, or helpfulness versus creativity.…