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Quantum key distribution (QKD) refers to specific quantum strategies which permit the secure distribution of a secret key between two parties that wish to communicate secretly. Quantum cryptography has proven unconditionally secure in ideal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-14 C. Rodó , O. Romero-Isart , K. Eckert , A. Sanpera

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols most often use two conjugate bases in order to verify the security of the quantum channel. In the majority of protocols, these bases are mutually unbiased to one another, which is to say they are…

A communication protocol based on a Gaussian modulation of squeezed states in a single quadrature and measured via homodyne detection can completely eliminate information leakage to an eavesdropper in a pure-loss channel. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-21 Matthew S. Winnel , Nedasadat Hosseinidehaj , Timothy C. Ralph

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution protocol, whose security analysis does not rely on any assumption on the detection system, can immune the attacking against detectors. We give a first composable security analysis for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-05 Ziyang Chen , Yi-Chen Zhang , Gan Wang , Zhengyu Li , Hong Guo

Modern security proofs of quantum key distribution (QKD) must take finite-size effects and composable aspects into consideration. This is also the case for continuous-variable (CV) protocols which are based on the transmission and detection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-27 Stefano Pirandola , Panagiotis Papanastasiou

Quantum cryptography has undergone substantial growth and development within the multi-disciplinary field of quantum information in recent years. The field is constantly advancing with new protocols being developed, security measures being…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-17 Jacopo Angeletti

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) enables two remote parties to establish information-theoretically secure keys and offers high practical feasibility due to its compatibility with mature coherent optical communication…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-18 Yanhao Sun , Jiayu Ma , Xiangyu Wang , Song Yu , Ziyang Chen , Hong Guo

Digital signatures ensure the integrity of a classical message and the authenticity of its sender. Despite their far-reaching use in modern communication, currently used signature schemes rely on computational assumptions and will be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-26 Matthew Thornton , Hannah Scott , Callum Croal , Natalia Korolkova

Quantum key distribution can be enhanced and extended if nonclassical single-photon states of light are used. We study a connection between the security of quantum key distribution and quantum non-Gaussianity of light arriving at the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-13 Mikołaj Lasota , Radim Filip , Vladyslav C. Usenko

The random switching of measurement bases is commonly assumed to be a necessary step of quantum key distribution protocols. In this paper we show that switching is not required for coherent state continuous variable quantum key…

We develop a singular layer transmission model for continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD). In CVQKD, the transmit information is carried by continuous-variable (CV) quantum states, particularly by Gaussian random distributed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-21 Laszlo Gyongyosi

Semi-quantum key distribution (SQKD) allows sharing random keys between a quantum user and a classical user, which significantly saves user resources, especially when using the Single-state protocol. However, the operation of the classical…

In recent years, continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) has become a promising paradigm for enabling secure communication among multiple end users sharing the same telecommunication backbone. CV-QKD with reverse…

We propose an improved two-way continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV QKD) protocol by adding proper random noise on the receiver's homodyne detection, the security of which is analysed against general collective attacks. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-07 Maozhu Sun , Xiang Peng , Hong Guo

We propose and demonstrate a fully passive discrete-state continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD), which can eliminate all modulator side channels on the source side, using a local local oscillator (LLO). The CV-QKD system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Yu Zhang , Xuyang Wang , Chenyang Li , Jie Yun , Qiang Zeng , Zhiliang Yuan , Zhenguo Lu , Yongmin Li

We consider a new type of attack on a coherent quantum key distribution protocol [coherent one-way (COW) protocol]. The main idea of the attack consists in measuring individually the intercepted states and sending the rest of them…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-18 D. A. Kronberg , E. O. Kiktenko , A. K. Fedorov , Y. V. Kurochkin

Discrete-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocols are promising candidates for large-scale deployment due to the large technological overlap with deployed modern optical communication devices. The security of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-15 Jie Lin , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution exploits coherent measurements of the electromagnetic field, i.e., homodyne or heterodyne detection. The most advanced security proofs developed so far relied on idealised mathematical models for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-18 Cosmo Lupo , Yingkai Ouyang

Building scalable and secure quantum networks with many users has a high application potential but also holds many practical challenges. A significant stride in this pursuit involves extending quantum key distribution, an…

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol using coherent states and heterodyne detection, called No-Switching protocol, is widely used in practical systems due to the simple experimental setup without basis switching and easy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-02 Jiale Mi , Yiming Bian , Lu Fan , Song Yu , Yichen Zhang