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We study how well one can recover sparse principal components of a data matrix using a sketch formed from a few of its elements. We show that for a wide class of optimization problems, if the sketch is close (in the spectral norm) to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-16 Abhisek Kundu , Petros Drineas , Malik Magdon-Ismail

Missing data is a commonly occurring problem in practice. Many imputation methods have been developed to fill in the missing entries. However, not all of them can scale to high-dimensional data, especially the multiple imputation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Thu Nguyen , Hoang Thien Ly , Michael Alexander Riegler , Pål Halvorsen , Hugo L. Hammer

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a key statistical technique for multivariate data analysis. For large data sets the common approach to PCA computation is based on the standard NIPALS-PCA algorithm, which unfortunately suffers from…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2008-11-10 M. Andrecut

A general framework for principal component analysis (PCA) in the presence of heteroskedastic noise is introduced. We propose an algorithm called HeteroPCA, which involves iteratively imputing the diagonal entries of the sample covariance…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-02 Anru R. Zhang , T. Tony Cai , Yihong Wu

The $k$-principal component analysis ($k$-PCA) problem is a fundamental algorithmic primitive that is widely-used in data analysis and dimensionality reduction applications. In statistical settings, the goal of $k$-PCA is to identify a top…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-06-12 Arun Jambulapati , Syamantak Kumar , Jerry Li , Shourya Pandey , Ankit Pensia , Kevin Tian

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a commonly used tool for dimension reduction and denoising. Therefore, it is also widely used on the data prior to training a neural network. However, this approach can complicate the explanation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Nhan Phan , Thu Nguyen , Uyen Dang , Pål Halvorsen , Michael A. Riegler

Classical methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) are ubiquitous in statistics. However, these techniques are only able to reveal linear relationships in data. Although nonlinear variants…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-05-14 David Lopez-Paz , Suvrit Sra , Alex Smola , Zoubin Ghahramani , Bernhard Schölkopf

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a powerful method that can identify patterns in large, complex data sets by constructing low-dimensional order parameters from higher-dimensional feature vectors. There are increasing efforts to use…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-11-03 C. J. O. Reichhardt , D. McDermott , C. Reichhardt

Oja's algorithm for Streaming Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for $n$ data-points in a $d$ dimensional space achieves the same sin-squared error $O(r_{\mathsf{eff}}/n)$ as the offline algorithm in $O(d)$ space and $O(nd)$ time and a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-12 Syamantak Kumar , Purnamrita Sarkar

Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most popular dimension reduction methods. The usual PCA is known to be sensitive to the presence of outliers, and thus many robust PCA methods have been developed. Among them, the Tyler's…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-11 Hung Hung , Su-Yun Huang , Shinto Eguchi

Principal component analysis (PCA) has well-documented merits for data extraction and dimensionality reduction. PCA deals with a single dataset at a time, and it is challenged when it comes to analyzing multiple datasets. Yet in certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-27 Gang Wang , Jia Chen , Georgios B. Giannakis

We introduce robust principal component analysis from a data matrix in which the entries of its columns have been corrupted by permutations, termed Unlabeled Principal Component Analysis (UPCA). Using algebraic geometry, we establish that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yunzhen Yao , Liangzu Peng , Manolis C. Tsakiris

Sparse Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a dimensionality reduction technique wherein one seeks a low-rank representation of a data matrix with additional sparsity constraints on the obtained representation. We consider two…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-06 Yash Deshpande , Andrea Montanari

Accurate predictions of pollutant concentrations at new locations are often of interest in air pollution studies on fine particulate matters (PM$_{2.5}$), in which data is usually not measured at all study locations. PM$_{2.5}$ is also a…

Applications · Statistics 2020-05-19 Phuong T. Vu , Timothy V. Larson , Adam A. Szpiro

We propose a new high dimensional semiparametric principal component analysis (PCA) method, named Copula Component Analysis (COCA). The semiparametric model assumes that, after unspecified marginally monotone transformations, the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-02-20 Fang Han , Han Liu

Methodologies for multidimensionality reduction aim at discovering low-dimensional manifolds where data ranges. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is very effective if data have linear structure. But fails in identifying a possible…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-01-14 Alberto García-González , Antonio Huerta , Sergio Zlotnik , Pedro Díez

This paper considers the problem of estimating the principal eigenvector of a covariance matrix from independent and identically distributed data samples in streaming settings. The streaming rate of data in many contemporary applications…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Haroon Raja , Waheed U. Bajwa

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used technique for data analysis and dimension reduction with numerous applications in science and engineering. However, the standard PCA suffers from the fact that the principal components…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2009-07-14 Zhaosong Lu , Yong Zhang

In this paper, we tackle a significant challenge in PCA: heterogeneity. When data are collected from different sources with heterogeneous trends while still sharing some congruency, it is critical to extract shared knowledge while retaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Naichen Shi , Raed Al Kontar

Principal Components Analysis (PCA) is one of the most widely used dimension reduction techniques. Robust PCA (RPCA) refers to the problem of PCA when the data may be corrupted by outliers. Recent work by Cand{\`e}s, Wright, Li, and Ma…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-08-14 Namrata Vaswani , Praneeth Narayanamurthy
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