Related papers: Linear independence of trigonometric numbers

Linear forms in logarithms over connected commutative algebraic groups over the algebraic numbers field have been studied widely. However, the theory of linear forms in logarithms over noncommutative algebraic groups have not been developed…

In this paper, we first discuss the linear independence of the complete elliptic integrals of the first, second and third kinds $K(k)$, $E(k)$ and $\Pi(\mu(k),k)$, and then obtain an upper bound for the number of zeros of a function of the…

Given a parameterization $\phi$ of a rational plane curve C, we study some invariants of C via $\phi$. We first focus on the characterization of rational cuspidal curves, in particular we establish a relation between the discriminant of the…

Double circulant matrices are introduced and studied. A formula to compute the rank r of a double circulant matrix is exhibited; and it is shown that any consecutive r rows of the double circulant matrix are linearly independent. As a…

We prove rationality criteria over algebraically non-closed fields of characteristic $0$ for five out of six types of geometrically rational Fano threefolds of Picard number $1$ and geometric Picard number bigger than $1$. For the last type…

The rules of d-separation provide a framework for deriving conditional independence facts from model structure. However, this theory only applies to simple directed graphical models. We introduce relational d-separation, a theory for…

A positive integer $n$ is called a $\theta$-congruent number if there is a triangle with sides $a,b$ and $c$ for which the angle between $a$ and $b$ is equal to $\theta$ and its area is $n\sqrt{r^2 - s^2}$, where $0 < \theta < \pi$, $\cos…

In this paper, we propose various sufficient conditions to determine if a given real number is an irrational number or a transcendental number and also apply these conditions to some interesting examples, particularly,one of them comes from…

We investigate the independence number of two graphs constructed from a polarity of $\mathrm{PG}(2,q)$. For the first graph under consideration, the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi graph $ER_q$, we provide an improvement on the known lower bounds on its…

We prove a category-theoretic independence theorem for four fundamental notions: meaning, object, name, and existence. Working in a Lawvere-style categorical semantics and in particular in toposes, we show that these notions occupy distinct…

Two planar sets are circularly separable if there exists a circle enclosing one of the sets and whose open interior disk does not intersect the other set. This paper studies two problems related to circular separability. A linear-time…

We establish the independence of multipliers for polynomial endomorphisms of $\mathbb C^n$ and endomorphisms of $\mathbb P^n.$ This allows us to extend results about the bifurcation measure and the critical height obtained in…

Exact ground truth invariant polynomial systems can be written for arbitrarily correlated binary classifiers. Their solutions give estimates for sample statistics that require knowledge of the ground truth of the correct labels in the…

In this paper, the defining properties of a valid measure of the dependence between two random variables are reviewed and complemented with two original ones, shown to be more fundamental than other usual postulates. While other popular…

For a triangle $\Delta$, let (P) denote the problem of the existence of points in the plane of $\Delta$, that are at rational distance to the 3 vertices of $\Delta$. Answer to (P) is known to be positive in the following situation: $\Delta$…

We consider a space of complex polynomials of degree $n\ge 3$ with $n-1$ distinguished periodic orbits. We prove that the multipliers of these periodic orbits considered as algebraic functions on that space, are algebraically independent…

Let $G$ be a triangle-free graph with $n$ vertices and average degree $t$. We show that $G$ contains at least \[ e^{(1-n^{-1/12})\frac{1}{2}\frac{n}{t}\ln t (\frac{1}{2}\ln t-1)} \] independent sets. This improves a recent result of the…

We establish a bijection between marginal independence models on $n$ random variables and split closed order ideals in the poset of partial set partitions. We also establish that every discrete marginal independence model is toric in cdf…

Given an associative, not necessarily commutative, ring R with identity, a formal matrix calculus is introduced and developed for pairs of matrices over R. This calculus subsumes the theory of homogeneous systems of linear equations with…

Path independence is arguably one of the most important choice rule properties in economic theory. We show that a choice rule is path independent if and only if it is rationalizable by a utility function satisfying ordinal concavity, a…