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This paper investigates the optimal allocation of large language model (LLM) inference workloads across heterogeneous edge data centers over time. Each data center features on-site renewable generation and faces dynamic electricity prices…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jiaming Cheng , Duong Tung Nguyen

Current mainstream post-training quantization methods for large language models typically apply a uniform quantization strategy across all network layers, overlooking the substantial differences in algorithmic suitability among layers. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Jinhao Zhang , Yunquan Zhang , Daning Chen , JunSun , Zicheng Yan

Linear bilevel programs (linear BLPs) have been widely used in computational mathematics and optimization in several applications. Single-level reformulation for linear BLPs replaces the lower-level linear program with its…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-18 Saeed Mohammadi , Mohammad Reza Hesamzadeh , Steven A. Gabriel , Dina Khastieva

Obtaining precise theoretical predictions for both production and decay processes of heavy new particles is of great importance to constrain the allowed parameter spaces of Beyond-the-Standard-Model (BSM) theories, and to properly assess…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-07-20 Henning Bahl , Johannes Braathen , Georg Weiglein

Perturbative renormalization group theory is developed as a unified tool for global asymptotic analysis. With numerous examples, we illustrate its application to ordinary differential equation problems involving multiple scales, boundary…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Lin-Yuan Chen , Nigel Goldenfeld , Y. Oono

We study the renormalization of non-semisimple gauge models quantized in the `t Hooft-background gauge to all orders. We analyze the normalization conditions for masses and couplings compatible with the Slavnov-Taylor and Ward-Takahashi…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Pietro Antonio Grassi

We discuss application of the physical QCD effective charge $\alpha_V$, defined via the heavy-quark potential, in perturbative calculations at next-to-leading order. When coupled with the Brodsky-Lepage-Mackenzie prescription for fixing the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 Michael Binger , Chueng-Ryong Ji , David G. Robertson

A new maximum approximate likelihood (ML) estimation algorithm for the mixture of Kent distribution is proposed. The new algorithm is constructed via the BSLM (block successive lower-bound maximization) framework and incorporates manifold…

Computation · Statistics 2017-09-15 Hien D. Nguyen

We discuss the concepts and the framework of the renormalization procedure in regularization-invariant momentum subtraction schemes. These schemes are used in the context of lattice simulations for the determination of physical quantities…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-20 Christian Sturm

Combining the effect of an intermediate renormalization prescription (zero momentum subtraction) and the background field method (BFM), we show that the algebraic renormalization procedure needed for the computation of radiative corrections…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-07 P. A. Grassi , T. Hurth , M. Steinhauser

We introduce a generalization of the conventional renormalization schemes used in dimensional regularization, which illuminates the renormalization scheme and scale ambiguities of pQCD predictions, exposes the general pattern of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-06-20 Matin Mojaza , Stanley J. Brodsky , Xing-Gang Wu

Under the conventional scale setting, the renormalization scale uncertainty usually constitutes a systematic error for a fixed-order perturbative QCD estimation. The recently suggested principle of maximum conformality (PMC) provides a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-10-04 Sheng-Quan Wang , Xing-Gang Wu , Xu-Chang Zheng , Jian-Ming Shen , Qiong-Lian Zhang

A standard approach to solving optimistic bilevel linear programs (BLPs) is to replace the lower-level problem with its Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions and reformulate the resulting complementarity constraints using auxiliary…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-19 Sergey S. Ketkov , Oleg A. Prokopyev

We compute O(alpha_s) and O(alpha_s^n beta_0^{n-1}) (BLM) corrections to the five structure functions relevant for b->q l nu decays and apply the results to the moments of a few distributions of phenomenological importance. We present…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 V. Aquila , P. Gambino , G. Ridolfi , N. Uraltsev

Efficient arithmetic circuit design for resourceconstrained hardware involves challenging combinatorial optimization problems, among which Multiple Constant Multiplication (MCM) is a prominent example. MCM aims at implementing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Théo Cantaloube , Nicolai Fiege , Anastasia Volkova , Christine Solnon

Post-training quantization has emerged as a widely adopted technique for compressing and accelerating the inference of Large Language Models (LLMs). The primary challenges in LLMs quantization stem from activation outliers, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Xiusheng Huang , Zhe Li , Xuanwu Yin , Lu Wang , Yequan Wang , Dong Li , Emad Barsoum , Kang Liu

We study the $\gamma^* \gamma^*$ total cross section in the NLA BFKL approach. We have extracted the NLO corrections to the photon impact factor from two recent papers of Balitsky and Chirilli and Chirilli and Kovchegov and used them to…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-23 Dmitry Yu. Ivanov , Beatrice Murdaca , Alessandro Papa

We extend prior work comparing linear multilevel models (MLM) and fixed effect (FE) models to the generalized linear model (GLM) setting, where the coefficient on a treatment variable is of primary interest. This leads to three insights.…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-12 He Bai , Asa Ferguson , Leonard Wainstein , Jonathan Wells

This study introduces a new normalization layer termed Batch Layer Normalization (BLN) to reduce the problem of internal covariate shift in deep neural network layers. As a combined version of batch and layer normalization, BLN adaptively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Amir Ziaee , Erion Çano

We examine the perturbative calculation of the inclusive semi-leptonic decay rate $\Gamma$ for the $b$-quark, using mass-independent renormalization. To finite order of perturbation theory the series for $\Gamma$ will depend on the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-01-20 F. A. Chishtie , D. G. C. McKeon , T. N. Sherry
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