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For digital system designs, triple modular redundancy (TMR), which is a 3-tuple version of N-modular redundancy is widely preferred for many mission-control and safety-critical applications. The TMR scheme involves two-times duplication of…
N-modular redundancy (NMR) is commonly used to enhance the fault tolerance of a circuit/system, when subject to a fault-inducing environment such as in space or military systems, where upsets due to radiation phenomena, temperature and/or…
In this study, we introduced a probabilistic voter, regarding symbol probabilities in decision process besides majority consensus. Conventional majority voter is independent of functionality of redundant modules. In our study, proposed…
The distributed minority and majority voting based redundancy (DMMR) scheme was recently proposed as an efficient alternative to the conventional N-modular redundancy (NMR) scheme for the physical design of mission/safety-critical circuits…
Safety-critical systems use redundant input units to improve their reliability and fault tolerance. A voting logic is then used to select a reliable input from the redundant sources. A fault detection and isolation rules help in selecting…
A new majority and minority voted redundancy (MMR) scheme is proposed that can provide the same degree of fault tolerance as N-modular redundancy (NMR) but with fewer function units and a less sophisticated voting logic. Example NMR and MMR…
Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) is a suitable fault tolerant technique for SRAM-based FPGA. However, one of the main challenges in achieving 100% robustness in designs protected by TMR running on programmable platforms is to prevent upsets…
An adaptive voting algorithm for digital media was introduced in this study. Availability was improved by incoherence scoring in voting mechanism of Multi-Modular Redundancy. Regulation parameters give the algorithm flexibility of adjusting…
In many industrial sectors such as factory automation and process control sensor redundancy is required to ensure reliable and highly-available operation. Measured values from N-redundant sensors are typically subjected to some voting…
Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) is one of the most common techniques in fault-tolerant systems, in which the output is determined by a majority voter. However, the design diversity of replicated modules and/or soft errors that are more…
Despite its maturity, the field of fault-tolerant redundancy suffers from significant terminological fragmentation, where functionally equivalent methods are frequently described under disparate names across academic and industrial domains.…
Due to the diversity and implicit redundancy in terms of processing units and compute kernels, off-the-shelf heterogeneous systems offer the opportunity to detect and tolerate faults during task execution in hardware as well as in software.…
A large number of safety-critical control systems are based on N-modular redundant architectures, using majority voters on the outputs of independent computation units. In order to assess the compliance of these architectures with…
For critical applications that require a higher level of reliability, the Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) scheme is usually employed to implement fault-tolerant arithmetic units. However, this method imposes a significant area and…
Neural networks (NNs) whose subnetworks implement reusable functions are expected to offer numerous advantages, including compositionality through efficient recombination of functional building blocks, interpretability, preventing…
Hazard radiation can lead the system fault therefore Fault Tolerance is required. Fault Tolerant is a system, which is designed to keep operations running, despite the degradation in the specific module is happening. Many fault tolerances…
We investigate binary voting systems with two types of voters and a hierarchy among the members in each type, so that members in one class have more influence or importance than members in the other class. The purpose of this paper is to…
We implement several non-binary logic systems using the spin dynamics of nuclear spins in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The NMR system is a suitable test system because of its high degree of experimental control; findings from NMR…
We describe the voting farm, a tool which implements a distributed software voting mechanism for a number of parallel message passing systems. The tool, developed in the framework of EFTOS (Embedded Fault-Tolerant Supercomputing), can be…
Modular programming is a development paradigm that emphasizes self-contained, flexible, and independent pieces of functionality. This practice allows new features to be seamlessly added when desired, and unwanted features to be removed,…