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We study a class of {\em aggregation rules} that could be applied to ethical AI decision-making. These rules yield the decisions to be made by automated systems based on the information of profiles of preferences over possible choices. We…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-06-29 Federico Fioravanti , Iyad Rahwan , Fernando Abel Tohmé

In consumer theory, ranking available objects by means of preference relations yields the most common description of individual choices. However, preference-based models assume that individuals: (1) give their preferences only between pairs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Alessio Benavoli , Dario Azzimonti , Dario Piga

The ontological and epistemic complexities inherent in the moral domain make it challenging to establish clear standards for evaluating the performance of a moral machine. In this paper, we present a formal method to describe Ethical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Abeer Dyoub , Francesca A. Lisi

Mathematical models implemented on a computer have become the driving force behind the acceleration of the cycle of scientific processes. This is because computer models are typically much faster and economical to run than physical…

Computation · Statistics 2021-07-05 Vojtech Kejzlar , Mookyong Son , Shrijita Bhattacharya , Tapabrata Maiti

A substantial school in the philosophy of science identifies Bayesian inference with inductive inference and even rationality as such, and seems to be strengthened by the rise and practical success of Bayesian statistics. We argue that the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-02-21 Andrew Gelman , Cosma Rohilla Shalizi

Recent advances in foundation models, especially in large multi-modal models and conversational agents, have ignited interest in the potential of generally capable embodied agents. Such agents will require the ability to perform new tasks…

Cellular Automata (CA), as they are presented in the literature, are abstract mathematical models of computation. In this pa- per we present an alternate approach: using the CA as a model or theory of physical systems and devices. While…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2008-09-11 Donny Cheung , Carlos A. Perez-Delgado

We consider the challenge of preference elicitation in systems that help users discover the most desirable item(s) within a given database. Past work on preference elicitation focused on structured models that provide a factored…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-07-19 Ronen I. Brafman , Carmel Domshlak , Tanya Kogan

Computational preference elicitation methods are tools used to learn people's preferences quantitatively in a given context. Recent works on preference elicitation advocate for active learning as an efficient method to iteratively construct…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Vijay Keswani , Vincent Conitzer , Hoda Heidari , Jana Schaich Borg , Walter Sinnott-Armstrong

The aim of this article is to address the question of the endogenization of mimetic processes in formal models of social systems. Starting from some studies about cognitive differences between humans and animals, we propose a formal…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 Chavalarias David , Bourgine Paul

Moralisation and Triangulation are transformations allowing to switch between different ways of factoring a probability distribution into a graphical model. Moralisation allows to view a Bayesian network (a directed model) as a Markov…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Antonio Lorenzin , Fabio Zanasi

Foundational models (FMs) have tremendous potential to revolutionize medical imaging. However, their deployment in real-world clinical settings demands extensive ethical considerations. This paper aims to highlight the ethical concerns…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Abhijit Das , Debesh Jha , Jasmer Sanjotra , Onkar Susladkar , Suramyaa Sarkar , Ashish Rauniyar , Nikhil Tomar , Vanshali Sharma , Ulas Bagci

Artificial intelligence (AI) was initially developed as an implicit moral agent to solve simple and clearly defined tasks where all options are predictable. However, it is now part of our daily life powering cell phones, cameras, watches,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Mohamed Akrout , Robert Steinbauer

Machine learning models increasingly function as representational systems, yet the philosoph- ical assumptions underlying their internal structures remain largely unexamined. This paper develops a structuralist decision framework for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yildiz Culcu

A salient approach to interpretable machine learning is to restrict modeling to simple models. In the Bayesian framework, this can be pursued by restricting the model structure and prior to favor interpretable models. Fundamentally,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Homayun Afrabandpey , Tomi Peltola , Juho Piironen , Aki Vehtari , Samuel Kaski

What is the best compromise in a situation where different people value different things? The most commonly accepted method for answering this question -- in fields across the behavioral and social sciences, decision theory, philosophy, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Jared Moore , Yejin Choi , Sydney Levine

Metric Elicitation (ME) is a framework for eliciting classification metrics that better align with implicit user preferences based on the task and context. The existing ME strategy so far is based on the assumption that users can most…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-08 Safinah Ali , Sohini Upadhyay , Gaurush Hiranandani , Elena L. Glassman , Oluwasanmi Koyejo

As AI models become ever more complex and intertwined in humans' daily lives, greater levels of interactivity of explainable AI (XAI) methods are needed. In this paper, we propose the use of belief change theory as a formal foundation for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Antonio Rago , Maria Vanina Martinez

Although models are built on the basis of some observations of reality, the concepts that derive theoretically from their definitions as well as from their characteristics and properties are not necessarily direct consequences of these…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-11-11 Mathilde Noual , Sylvain Sené

We present a novel approach to help decision-makers efficiently identify preferred solutions from the Pareto set of a multi-objective optimization problem. Our method uses a Bayesian model to estimate the decision-maker's utility function…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-13 Felix Huber , Sebastian Rojas Gonzalez , Raul Astudillo