Related papers: Multiple Landen values and the tribonacci numbers
We propose a notion of a pluri-Lagrangian problem, which should be understood as an analog of multi-dimensional consistency for variational systems. This is a development along the line of research of discrete integrable Lagrangian systems…
The rational Landen transformation is a map on the space of coefficients of a rational integrand that preserves the value of the integral. We provide a family of these transformations that apply to rational integrands on the whole line.…
Combining elements of twistor-space, phase space and Clifford algebras, we propose a framework for the construction and quantization of certain (quadric) varieties described by Lorentz-covariant multivector coordiantes. The correspondent…
In this paper we prove some new identities for multiple zeta values and multiple zeta star values of arbitrary depth by using the methods of integral computations of logarithm function and iterated integral representations of series. By…
Two classes of fractional type variable weights are established in this paper. The first kind of weights ${A_{\vec p( \cdot ),q( \cdot )}}$ are variable multiple weights, which are characterized by the weighted variable boundedness of…
We introduce a novel framework that utilizes the internal weight activations of modern Large Language Models (LLMs) to construct a metric space of languages. Unlike traditional approaches based on hand-crafted linguistic features, our…
Multiple zeta values (MZVs) are under intense investigation in three arenas -- knot theory, number theory, and quantum field theory -- which unite in Kreimer's proposal that field theory assigns MZVs to positive knots, via Feynman diagrams…
Divisible residuated lattices are algebraic structures corresponding to a more comprehensive logic than Hajek's basic logic with an important significance in the study of fuzzy logic. The purpose of this paper is to investigate commutative…
Mendelian randomization (MR) has become a popular approach to study the effect of a modifiable exposure on an outcome by using genetic variants as instrumental variables. A challenge in MR is that each genetic variant explains a relatively…
As a powerful theoretical construct, the entanglement Hamiltonian (EH) encapsulates the essential entanglement properties of a quantum many-body system. From the EH, one can extract a variety of entanglement quantities, such as entanglement…
Recent progress in large-scale reinforcement learning (RL) has notably enhanced the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), especially in mathematical domains. However, current multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) for mathematical…
We present a spatially efficient decomposition of matrices and arbitrary-order tensors as linear combinations of tensor products of $\{-1, 1\}$-valued vectors. For any matrix $A \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times n}$, $$A - R_w = S_w C_w T_w^\top =…
Since their rediscovery in the 1990s, multiple zeta values have become ubiquitous in many areas of mathematics and physics. Their standard integral and sum representations can usually be traced back to a single source, namely the iterated…
Let m_{n} and m_{n-1} be an n mean and an n-1 mean, respectively, n\geq3. If x=(x_{1},...,x_{n}), let {\pi}_{\neqj}x=(x_{1},...,x_{j-1},x_{j+1},...,x_{n}). m_{n-1} and m_{n} are said to form a type 1 invariant pair if…
Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) are often used to assess knowledge, reasoning abilities, and even values encoded in large language models (LLMs). While the effect of multilingualism has been studied on LLM factual recall, this paper seeks…
Structured generation for LLM tool use highlights the value of compact DSL intermediate representations (IRs) that can be emitted directly and parsed deterministically. This paper introduces axial grammar: linear token sequences that…
In this paper, certain classes of Hilbert spaces of Dirichlet series with weighted norms and their corresponding multiplier algebras will be explored. For a sequence $\{w_n\}_{n=n_0}^\infty $ of positive numbers, define \[\mathcal…
Closed form expressions for a multivector exponential and logarithm are presented in real Clifford geometric algebras Cl(p,q)when n=p+q=1 (complex and hyperbolic numbers) and n=2 (Hamilton, split and conectorine quaternions). Starting from…
A Hamiltonian approach to the equations of general relativity is proposed using the powerful mathematical language of multivector-valued differential forms. In the approach, the gravitational coordinates are the 12 spatial components of the…
In this paper we shall define a special-valued multiple Hurwitz zeta functions, namely the multiple $t$-values $t(\boldsymbol{\alpha})$ and define similarly the multiple star $t$-values as $t^{\star}(\boldsymbol{\alpha})$. Then we consider…