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Related papers: Thermodynamic work from operational principles

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Deriving the laws of thermodynamics from a microscopic picture is a central quest of statistical mechanics. This tutorial focuses on the derivation of the first and second law for closed and open quantum systems far from equilibrium, where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-31 Philipp Strasberg , Andreas Winter

How to rigorously define thermodynamic quantities such as heat, work, and internal energy in open quantum systems driven far from equilibrium remains a significant open question in quantum thermodynamics. Heat is a quantity whose…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-07-18 Parth Kumar , Charles A. Stafford

We investigate fundamental connections between thermodynamics and quantum information theory. First, we show that the operational framework of thermal operations is nonequivalent to the framework of Gibbs-preserving maps, and we comment on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-13 Philippe Faist

One of the fundamental questions in quantum thermodynamics concerns the decomposition of energetic changes into heat and work. Contrary to classical engines, the entropy change of the piston cannot be neglected in the quantum domain. As a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-15 Wolfgang Niedenzu , Marcus Huber , Erez Boukobza

The second law of thermodynamics for adiabatic operations -- constraints on state transitions in closed systems under external control -- is one of the fundamental principles of thermodynamics. On the other hand, it is recently established…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-09 Yuuya Chiba , Yasushi Yoneta , Ryusuke Hamazaki , Akira Shimizu

Quantum thermodynamics investigates how robust the second law of thermodynamics serves as the unique fundamental law in the small quantum world. To tackle this problem, the quantum coherence constitutes a major difficulty of investigations,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-08 Naoto Shiraishi , Ryuji Takagi

We propose a new form of the Second Law inequality that defines a tight bound for extractable work from the non-equilibrium quantum state. In classical thermodynamics, the optimal work is given by the difference of free energy, what…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-14 Marcin Łobejko

Resource theories are a generic approach used to manage any valuable resource, such as entanglement, purity, and asymmetry. Such frameworks are characterized by two main elements: a set of predefined (free) operations and states, that one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-01 Nelly Ng , Mischa P. Woods

Information-theoretic approaches provide a promising avenue for extending the laws of thermodynamics to the nanoscale. Here, we provide a general fundamental lower limit, valid for systems with an arbitrary Hamiltonian and in contact with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-08 Philippe Faist , Renato Renner

Despite its enormous empirical success, the formalism of quantum theory still raises fundamental questions: why is nature described in terms of complex Hilbert spaces, and what modifications of it could we reasonably expect to find in some…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-27 Marius Krumm , Howard Barnum , Jonathan Barrett , Markus P. Mueller

Traditional quantum thermodynamic frameworks associate work to energy exchanges induced by unitary transformations generated by external controls, and heat to energy exchanges induced by bath interaction. Recently, a framework was…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Tiago F. F. Santos , Camille Latune

A key objective in nuclear and high-energy physics is to describe nonequilibrium dynamics of matter, e.g., in the early universe and in particle colliders, starting from the Standard Model. Classical-computing methods, via the framework of…

A definition of quantum mechanical work is introduced in this dissertation, preserving the mathematical structure of the Classical Mechanics concept of work without, however, in any way invoking the notion of trajectory. By use of Gaussian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-17 Thales Augusto Barbosa Pinto Silva

Thermodynamics was developed in the XIXth century to provide a physical description to engines and other macroscopic thermal machines. Since then, progress in nanotechnologies urged to extend these formalism, initially designed for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-11 Cyril Elouard

How should one define thermodynamic quantities (internal energy, work, heat, etc.) for quantum systems coupled to their environments strongly? We examine three (classically equivalent) definitions of a quantum system's internal energy under…

The theory of quantum thermodynamics investigates how the concepts of heat, work, and temperature can be carried over to the quantum realm, where fluctuations and randomness are fundamentally unavoidable. Of particular practical relevance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-23 Patrick P. Potts

Entanglement is central both to the foundations of quantum theory and, as a novel resource, to quantum information science. The theory of entanglement establishes basic laws, such as the non-increase of entanglement under local operations,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-04 Fernando G. S. L. Brandao , Martin B. Plenio

In this paper, unambiguous redefinitions of heat and work are presented for quantum thermodynamic systems. We will use genuine reasoning based on which Clausius originally defined work and heat in establishing thermodynamics. The change in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-15 B. Ahmadi , S. Salimi , A. S. Khorashad

Thermodynamics teaches that if a system initially off-equilibrium is coupled to work sources, the maximum work that it may yield is governed by its energy and entropy. For finite systems this bound is usually not reachable. The maximum…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 A. E. Allahverdyan , R. Balian , Th. M. Nieuwenhuizen

It has been recently claimed that no protocol for measuring quantum work can satisfy standard required physical principles, casting doubts on the compatibility between quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and the classical limit. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-17 Thales Augusto Barbosa Pinto Silva , David Gelbwaser-Klimovsky