Related papers: Tunnel-Junction Thermometry Down to Millikelvin Te…
In electronic cooling with superconducting tunnel junctions, the cooling power is counterbalanced by the interaction with phonons and by the heat flow from the overheated leads. We study aluminium-based coolers that are equipped with a…
The temperature dependence of the I-V characteristics of many single-electron tunneling devices enable thermometer operation of these systems. We investigate two normal conducting kinds of them, {\sl (a)} a single junction in a…
We present radio-frequency thermometry based on a tunnel junction between a superconductor and proximitized normal metal. It allows operation in a wide range of biasing conditions. We demonstrate that the standard finite-bias quasiparticle…
We discuss inherent thermometry in a Superconductor - Normal metal - Superconductor tunnel junction. In this configuration, the energy selectivity of single-particle tunneling can provide a significant electron cooling, depending on the…
Replacing the bulky cryoliquid-based cooling stages of cryoenabled instruments by chip-scale refrigeration is envisioned to disruptively reduce the system size similar to microprocessors did for computers. Electronic refrigerators based on…
Bipolar thermoelectricity in tunnel junctions between superconductors of different energy gap has been recently predicted and experimentally demonstrated. This effect showed thermovoltages up to $\pm150\;\mu$V at milliKelvin temperatures.…
We have successfully fabricated Cu/AlOx-Al/Nb normal-metal/insulator/superconductor tunnel junction devices with a high value of the superconducting gap (up to $\sim 1$ mV), using electron-beam lithography and angle evaporation techniques…
The qualities of electron refrigeration by means of tunnel junctions between superconducting and normal--metal electrodes are studied theoretically. A suitable approximation of the basic expression for the heat current across those tunnel…
We present a superconducting microresonator thermometer based on two-level systems (TLS) that is drop-in compatible with cryogenic microwave systems. The operational temperature range is 50-1000~mK (which may be extended to 5~mK), and the…
We present evidence for the cooling of normal metal phonons by electron tunneling in a Superconductor - Normal metal - Superconductor tunnel junction. The normal metal electron temperature is extracted by comparing the device…
We present a set of experiments to optimize the performance of the noninvasive thermometer based on proximity superconductivity. Current through a standard tunnel junction between an aluminum superconductor and a copper electrode is…
We have studied thermal gradients in thin Cu and AlMn wires, both experimentally and theoretically. In the experiments, the wires were Joule heated non-uniformly at sub-Kelvin temperatures, and the resulting temperature gradients were…
We demonstrate experimentally that disorder enhanced Andreev current in a tunnel junction between a normal metal and a superconductor provides a method to measure electronic temperature, specifically at temperatures below 200 mK when…
Temperature imaging of nanoscale systems is a fundamental problem which has myriad potential technological applications. For example, nanoscopic cold spots can be used for spot cooling electronic components while hot spots could be used for…
We employ a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) cooled to millikelvin temperatures by an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) to perform scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) on an atomically clean surface of Al(100) in a…
We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally two limiting factors in cooling electrons using biased tunnel junctions to extract heat from a normal metal into a superconductor. Firstly, when the injection rate of electrons exceeds…
When biased at a voltage just below a superconductor's energy gap, a tunnel junction between this superconductor and a normal metal cools the latter. While the study of such devices has long been focussed to structures of submicron size and…
A proximity-effect thermometer measures the temperature dependent critical supercurrent in a long superconductor - normal metal - superconductor (SNS) Josephson junction. Typically, the transition from the superconducting to the normal…
We propose a low-temperature thermal rectifier consisting of a chain of three tunnel-coupled normal metal electrodes. We show that a large heat rectification is achievable if the thermal symmetry of the structure is broken and the central…
We have successfully fabricated micron-scale Cu-AlO$_{x} $-Al-NbN normal metal-insulator-superconductor (NIS) tunnel junction devices, using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) for NbN film growth, and electron-beam lithography and shadow…