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We propose two models of social segregation inspired by the Schelling model. Agents in our models are nodes of evolving social networks. The total number of social connections of each node remains constant in time, though may vary from one…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-09-26 V. Avetisov , A. Gorsky , S. Maslov , S. Nechaev , O. Valba

Residential segregation is analyzed via the Schelling model, in which two types of agents attempt to optimize their situation according to certain preferences and tolerance levels. Several variants of this work are focused on urban or…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-04-20 Diego Ortega , Javier Rodríguez-Laguna , Elka Korutcheva

Thomas Schelling developed an influential demographic model that illustrated how, even with relatively mild assumptions on each individual's nearest neighbor preferences, an integrated city would likely unravel to a segregated city, even if…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2015-05-19 Abhinav Singh , Dmitri Vainchtein , Howard Weiss

This paper generalizes the original Schelling (1969, 1971a,b, 2006) model of racial and residential segregation to a context of variable externalities due to social linkages. In a setting in which individuals' utility function is a convex…

General Economics · Economics 2023-01-24 Roy Cerqueti , Luca De Benedictis , Valerio Leone Sciabolazza

The Schelling model of segregation between two groups of residential agents (Schelling 1971; Schelling 1978) reflects the most abstract view of the non-economic forces of residential migrations: be close to people of 'your own'. The model…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-10-14 Itzhak Benenson , Erez Hatna

We consider strategic games that are inspired by Schelling's model of residential segregation. In our model, the agents are partitioned into k types and need to select locations on an undirected graph. Agents can be either stubborn, in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Edith Elkind , Jiarui Gan , Ayumi Igarashi , Warut Suksompong , Alexandros A. Voudouris

Since the development of the original Schelling model of urban segregation, several enhancements have been proposed, but none have considered the impact of mobility constraints on model dynamics. Recent studies have shown that human…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-09-26 Daniele Gambetta , Giovanni Mauro , Luca Pappalardo

The collective behavior in a variant of Schelling's segregation model is characterized with methods borrowed from statistical physics, in a context where their relevance was not conspicuous. A measure of segregation based on cluster…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-02-22 Laetitia Gauvin , Jean Vannimenus , Jean-Pierre Nadal

Schelling's famous model of segregation assumes agents of different types who would like to be located in neighborhoods having at least a certain fraction of agents of the same type. We consider natural generalizations that allow for the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Panagiotis Kanellopoulos , Maria Kyropoulou , Alexandros A. Voudouris

We study the behaviour of a Schelling-class system in which a fraction $f$ of spatially-fixed switching agents is introduced. This new model allows for multiple interpretations, including: (i) random, non-preferential allocation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-04-02 Aurélien Hazan , Julien Randon-Furling

Schelling's model of segregation demonstrates that even in the absence of social or governmental interventions, individuals with mild in-group preferences can self-organize into strongly segregated neighborhoods. Many variants of this…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-02-11 Fabio van Dissel , Tuan Minh Pham , Wout Merbis

Thomas Schelling introduced his agent-based model of segregation in 1971 and concluded that even when there is a low amount of intolerance within society that segregation will develop if people follow their individual preferences. A large…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2024-03-05 Joseph D. Johnson , Marisa C. Eisenberg

The Schelling model is a prototype for agent-based modeling in social systems. We produce a comprehensive analysis of Schelling model rule variants by classifying the space of macroscopic outcomes using phase diagrams. Among 54 rule…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-19 Marlyn Boke , Timothy Sorochkin , Jesse Anttila-Hughes , Alan O. Jamison

Segregation is a growing concern around the world. One of its main manifestations is the creation of ghettos, whose inhabitants have difficult access to well-paid jobs, which are often located far from their homes. In order to study this…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-12-23 D. Ortega , E. Korutcheva

Schelling's model is an influential model that reveals how individual perceptions and incentives can lead to residential segregation. Inspired by a recent stream of work, we study welfare guarantees and complexity in this model with respect…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Martin Bullinger , Warut Suksompong , Alexandros A. Voudouris

In Schelling's segregation model, the successive moves of agents optimizing their own locations lead to a suboptimal segregated distribution of the population, even though all agents have the same preference for mixed neighborhoods. One of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-11-20 Nicolas Houy

An aspatial version for the famous Schelling's segregation model has recently been proposed, which, called two-room model, is still in an agent-based format like the original Schelling model. In the present study, we propose a new, state…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2017-05-29 Jae Kyun Shin , Hiroki Sayama , Seung Ryul Choi

We study a recently introduced class of strategic games that is motivated by and generalizes Schelling's well-known residential segregation model. These games are played on undirected graphs, with the set of agents partitioned into multiple…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Aishwarya Agarwal , Edith Elkind , Jiarui Gan , Alexandros A. Voudouris

In this work, we propose and analyze a novel Schelling-type metapopulation model that examines how random relocations of families between neighborhoods can lead to segregation. The model consists of a large number of houses organized into…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-04-29 Fei Cao , Roberto Cortez

We model the dynamics of the Schelling model for agents described simply by a continuously distributed variable - wealth. Agents move to neighborhoods where their wealth is not lesser than that of some proportion of their neighbors, the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-05-23 Anand Sahasranaman , Henrik Jeldtoft Jensen