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This paper provides a tutorial discussion on path analysis structure with concept of structural equation modelling (SEM). The paper delivers an introduction to path analysis technique and explain to how to deal with analyzing the data with…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-04-15 Hashem Salarzadeh Jenatabadi

Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a popular tool in the social and behavioural sciences, where it is being applied to ever more complex data types. The high-dimensional data produced by modern sensors, brain images, or (epi)genetic…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-10-11 Erik-Jan van Kesteren , Daniel L. Oberski

The interpretation of the experimental data collected by testing systems across input datasets and model parameters is of strategic importance for system design and implementation. In particular, finding relationships between variables and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-06-26 Massimo Melucci

Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) or Covariance Structure Analysis (CSA) is a versatile and powerful method in the social and behavioral sciences, providing a framework for modeling complex relationships, testing mediation, accounting for…

Applications · Statistics 2025-04-01 Bang Quan Zheng

Structural equation models (SEMs) are widely used in sciences, ranging from economics to psychology, to uncover causal relationships underlying a complex system under consideration and estimate structural parameters of interest. We study…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-21 Luofeng Liao , You-Lin Chen , Zhuoran Yang , Bo Dai , Zhaoran Wang , Mladen Kolar

A new method for estimating structural equation models (SEM) is proposed and evaluated. In contrast to most other methods, it is based directly on the data, not on the covariance matrix of the data. The new approach is flexible enough to…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-22 Reinhard Oldenburg

Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a prevalent approach for studying constructs.Traditionally, these constructs are modeled as reflectively measured latent variables - common factors that account for the variance-covariance structure of…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-02 Tamara Schamberger , Florian Schuberth , Jörg Henseler , Yves Rosseel

Structural Equation Models (SEMs) are routinely used in the analysis of empirical data by researchers from different scientific fields such as psychologists or economists. In some fields, such as in ecology, SEMs have only started recently…

Applications · Statistics 2019-01-09 Lionel R. Hertzog

Structural equation models (SEMs) have been widely adopted for inference of causal interactions in complex networks. Recent examples include unveiling topologies of hidden causal networks over which processes such as spreading diseases, or…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-04-05 Yanning Shen , Brian Baingana , Georgios B. Giannakis

Structural Equation Models (SEM) are the standard approach to representing causal dependencies between variables in causal models. In this paper we propose a new interpretation of SEMs when reasoning about Actual Causality, in which SEMs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Maksim Gladyshev , Natasha Alechina , Mehdi Dastani , Dragan Doder , Brian Logan

Structural equation modeling (SEM) and path analysis have long been central tools for studying complex causal relationships in the social and behavioral sciences, yet their reliance on parametric assumptions can lead to biased inference…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2026-03-10 Junjie Ma , Xiaoya Zhang , Guangye He , Yuting Han , Ting Ge , Feng Ji

Structural equation models comprise a large class of popular statistical models, including factor analysis models, certain mixed models, and extensions thereof. Model estimation is complicated by the fact that we typically have multiple…

Computation · Statistics 2022-03-18 Edgar C. Merkle , Ellen Fitzsimmons , James Uanhoro , Ben Goodrich

Structural-equations models (SEMs) are perhaps the most commonly used framework for modeling causality. However, as we show, naively extending this framework to infinitely many variables, which is necessary, for example, to model dynamical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Spencer Peters , Joseph Y. Halpern

Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a statistical method widely used in educational research to investigate relationships between variables. SEM models are typically constructed based on theoretical foundations and assessed through fit…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-05-31 Yangqiuting Li , Chandralekha Singh

Complex systems can be modelled at various levels of detail. Ideally, causal models of the same system should be consistent with one another in the sense that they agree in their predictions of the effects of interventions. We formalise…

Semi-supervised learning aims to learn prediction models from both labeled and unlabeled samples. There has been extensive research in this area. Among existing work, generative mixture models with Expectation-Maximization (EM) is a popular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-31 Wenchong He , Zhe Jiang

Structural equation models (SEMs) are fundamental to causal mediation pathway discovery. However, traditional SEM approaches often rely on \emph{ad hoc} model specifications when handling complex data structures such as mixed data types or…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-22 Canyi Chen , Ritoban Kundu , Wei Hao , Peter X. -K. Song

Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is an umbrella term that includes numerous multivariate statistical techniques that are employed throughout a plethora of research areas, ranging from social to natural sciences. Until recently, SEM…

Applications · Statistics 2021-06-10 Georgy Meshcheryakov , Anna A. Igolkina , Maria G. Samsonova

Structural equation modelling (SEM) is a multivariate statistical technique for estimating complex relationships between observed and latent variables. Although numerous SEM packages exist, each of them has limitations. Some packages are…

Applications · Statistics 2021-06-02 Meshcheryakov Georgy , Igolkina Anna

Handling latent variables in Structural Equation Models (SEMs) in a case where both the latent variables and their corresponding indicators in the measurement error part of the model are random curves presents significant challenges,…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-30 Fatemeh Asgari , Valeria Vitelli , Uta Sailer
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