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Quantum graph state is a special class of nonlocal state among multiple quantum particles, underpinning several nonclassical and promising applications such as quantum computing and quantum secret sharing. Recently, establishing quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-14 Tingxiang Ji , Jianqing Liu , Zheshen Zhang

Graph polynomials are graph parameters invariant under graph isomorphisms which take values in a polynomial ring with a fixed finite number of indeterminates. We study graph polynomials from a model theoretic point of view. In this paper we…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-05-24 J. A. Makowsky , E. V. Ravve , T. Kotek

The commuting graph of a group $G$ is the graph whose vertices are the elements of $G$, two distinct vertices joined if they commute. Our purpose in this paper is twofold: we discuss the computational problem of deciding whether a given…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-29 V. Arvind , Xuanlong Ma , Peter J. Cameron , Natalia V. Maslova

Force chains, which are quasi-linear self-organised structures carrying large stresses, are ubiquitous in jammed amorphous materials, such as granular materials, foams, emulsions or even assemblies of cells. Predicting where they will form…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-08-24 Rituparno Mandal , Corneel Casert , Peter Sollich

Multi-qubit graph states generated by the action of controlled phase shift operators on a separable quantum state of a system, in which all the qubits are in arbitrary identical states, are examined. The geometric measure of entanglement of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-11 Kh. P. Gnatenko , N. A. Susulovska

Let H = (V,E) be a k-uniform hypergraph with a vertex set V and an edge set E. Let V_p be constructed by taking every vertex in V independently with probability p. Let X be the number of edges in E that are contained in V_p. We give a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-12-22 Guy Wolfovitz

AThe paper gives a few arguments in favour of the use of chain graphs for description of probabilistic conditional independence structures. Every Bayesian network model can be equivalently introduced by means of a factorization formula with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-01 Milan Studeny

The vertices of a $k$-token graph of a graph $G$ correspond to $k$ indistinguishable tokens placed on $k$ different vertices of $G$. Changing some conditions on both the nature of the tokens and the number of tokens allowed in each vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Xiaodi Song , Cristina Dalfó , Miquel Àngel Fiol , Mercè Mora , Shenggui Zhang

For a graph $G=(V,E)$, a set $S \subseteq V$ is a $[1,2]$-set if it is a dominating set for $G$ and each vertex $v \in V \setminus S$ is dominated by at most two vertices of $S$, i.e. $1 \leq \vert N(v) \cap S \vert \leq 2$. Moreover a set…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-07-21 P. Sharifani , M. R. Hooshmandasl

The solubility graph $\Gamma_S(G)$ associated with a finite group $G$ is a simple graph whose vertices are the elements of $G$, and there is an edge between two distinct vertices if and only if they generate a soluble subgroup. In this…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-03 Banafsheh Akbari , Costantino Delizia , Carmine Monetta

The hypergraph states are pure multipartite quantum states corresponding to a hypergraph. It is an equal superposition of the states belonging to the computational basis. Given any hypergraph, we can construct a hypergraph state determined…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-22 Supriyo Dutta

Graph states possess significant practical value in measurement-based quantum computation, with complete graph states that exhibit exceptional performance in quantum metrology. In this work, we introduce a method for generating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-09 X. X. Li , D. X. Li , X. Q. Shao

Establishing a universal diagnostic of topological order remains an open theoretical challenge. In particular, diagnosing long-range entanglement through the entropic area law suffers from spurious contributions, failing to unambiguously…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-09-17 Sergi Mas-Mendoza , Richard D. P. East , Michele Filippone , Adolfo G. Grushin

We study the notion of $k$-stabilizer universal quantum state, that is, an $n$-qubit quantum state, such that it is possible to induce any stabilizer state on any $k$ qubits, by using only local operations and classical communications.…

Do users from Carnegie Mellon University form social communities on Facebook? Do signal processing researchers from tightly collaborate with each other? Do Chinese restaurants in Manhattan cluster together? These seemingly different…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-04-05 Siheng Chen , Yaoqing Yang , Shi Zong , Aarti Singh , Jelena Kovačević

A base for a finite permutation group $G \le \mathrm{Sym}(\Omega)$ is a subset of $\Omega$ with trivial pointwise stabiliser in $G$, and the base size of $G$ is the smallest size of a base for $G$. Motivated by the interest in groups of…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-30 Saul D. Freedman , Hong Yi Huang , Melissa Lee , Kamilla Rekvényi

In this thesis, we study concepts in quantum computing using graphical languages, specifically using the ZX-calculus. The core of the research revolves around (graphical) stabilizer decompositions. The first major focus is on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-07 Yves Vollmeier

The aim of this paper is to present a few versions of the Riemann-Hurwitz formula for a regular branched covering of graphs. By a graph, we mean a finite connected multigraph. The genus of a graph is defined as the rank of the first…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2015-05-05 A. D. Mednykh

Hypergraph states form a family of multiparticle quantum states that generalizes cluster states and graph states. We study the action and graphical representation of nonlocal unitary transformations between hypergraph states. This leads to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-17 Mariami Gachechiladze , Nikoloz Tsimakuridze , Otfried Gühne

We consider (graph-)group-valued random element $\xi$, discuss the properties of a mean-set $\ME(\xi)$, and prove the generalization of the strong law of large numbers for graphs and groups. Furthermore, we prove an analogue of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-07-01 Natalia Mosina , Alexander Ushakov