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In this article, we propose an efficient and spectrally accurate numerical method to compute the ground states of three-dimensional (3D) rotating dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) under strongly anisotropic trapping potentials.The…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-06 Qinglin Tang , Hanquan Wang , Shaobo Zhang , Yong Zhang

Recent experiments have revealed the formation of stable droplets in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates. This surprising result has been explained by the stabilization given by quantum fluctuations. We study in detail the properties of a BEC…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2016-10-19 F. Wächtler , L. Santos

In this paper, we systematically review mathematical models, theories and numerical methods for ground states and dynamics of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) based on the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations (GPEs). We start with a…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2018-06-20 Weizhu Bao , Yongyong Cai

We show that both single-component and two-component Bose-Einstein condensates' (BECs) ground states can be simulated by deep convolutional neural networks of the same structure. We trained the neural network via inputting the coupling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-25 Xiao Liang , Sheng Liu , Yan Li , Yong-Sheng Zhang

We investigate the existence of ground state solutions of a Gross-Pitaevskii equation modeling the dynamics of pumped Bose Einstein condensates (BEC). The main interest in such BEC comes from its important nature as macroscopic quantum…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-05-21 Hichem Hajaiej , Slim Ibrahim , Nader Masmoudi

We present a level-set based finite difference method to calculate the ground states of Bose Einstein condensates in domains with curved boundaries. Our method draws on the variational and level set approaches, benefiting from both of their…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Hwi Lee , Yingjie Liu

We propose an unsupervised deep learning approach for computing the ground state (GS) of rotating Bose-Einstein condensation. To minimize the energy under a mass constraint, our approach introduces two key and novel ingredients: a…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2025-11-12 Zhizhong Kong , Jerry Zhijian Yang , Cheng Yuan , Xiaofei Zhao

We develop and analyze Riemannian optimization methods for computing ground states of rotating multicomponent Bose-Einstein condensates, defined as minimizers of the Gross-Pitaevskii energy functional. To resolve the non-uniqueness of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-08 Martin Hermann , Tatjana Stykel , Mahima Yadav

Squeezed, nonclassical states are an integral tool of quantum metrology due to their ability to push the sensitivity of a measurement apparatus beyond the limits of classical states. While their creation in light has become a standard…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2021-01-15 Paul Juschitz

An efficient multigrid method is proposed to compute the ground state solution of Bose-Einstein condensations by the finite element method based on the combination of the multigrid method for nonlinear eigenvalue problem and an efficient…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-12-12 Hehu Xie , Fei Xu , Ning Zhang

We study analytically and asymptotically as well as numerically ground states and dynamics of two-component spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) modeled by the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations (CGPEs). In fact, due to the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-04-14 Weizhu Bao , Yongyong Cai

We consider a special nonconvex quartic minimization problem over a single spherical constraint, which includes the discretized energy functional minimization problem of non-rotating Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) as one of the important…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-12-04 Pengfei Huang , Qingzhi Yang , Yuning Yang

We study a relativistic scalar field model for self-bound Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) by analyzing a nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation with cubic and logarithmic interactions. This framework captures essential features of quantum…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2026-04-14 Kevin Hernández , Elías Castellanos

We consider the ground state of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate in two dimensions. In the mean-field approximation, the ground state density profile satisfies the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We compute the leading quantum corrections to…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-31 Jens O. Andersen , Haarek Haugerud

In this article, we study mathematically and numerically the ground states of three-component rotating spin-orbit coupled (SOC) spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates modeled by the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations (CGPEs). Firstly, we…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-23 Jing Wang , Wei Yang , Yongjun Yuan , Yong Zhang

A numerical framework is proposed and analyzed for computing the ground state of Bose--Einstein condensates. A gradient flow approach is developed, incorporating both a Lagrange multiplier to enforce the $L^2$ conservation and a free energy…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Jing Guo , Cheng Wang , Dong Wang

Finding the stationary states of a free energy functional is an important problem in phase field crystal (PFC) models. Many efforts have been devoted for designing numerical schemes with energy dissipation and mass conservation properties.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-11-11 Kai Jiang , Wei Si , Chen Chang , Chenglong Bao

Bubble-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) constitute a unique class of quantum fluids with a hollow, thin-shell geometry that supports a wide variety of phenomena that are distinct from those of compact condensates. Numerical…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2026-03-06 Abel Beregi , Jean-Baptiste Gerent , Nathan Lundblad

In this paper, we propose a computable error estimate of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for ground state solution of Bose-Einstein condensates by general conforming finite element methods on general meshes. Based on the proposed error…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-04-27 Hehu Xie , Manting Xie

We analytically and numerically study the ground state and collective dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in two traps: a Newtonian potential and a logarithmic potential inspired by Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). In the ground state,…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2026-01-06 Ning Liu