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The International Trade Network (ITN) is the network formed by trade relationships between world countries. The complex structure of the ITN impacts important economic processes such as globalization, competitiveness, and the propagation of…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2017-05-18 Assaf Almog , Tiziano Squartini , Diego Garlaschelli

The traditional multi-commodity flow problem assumes a given flow network in which multiple commodities are to be maximally routed in response to given demands. This paper considers the multi-commodity flow network-design problem: given a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-06-02 Samir Khuller , Balaji Raghavachari , Neal E. Young

This paper begins to explore the determinants of the topological properties of the international - trade network (ITN). We fit bilateral-trade flows using a standard gravity equation to build a "residual" ITN where trade-link weights are…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2009-08-18 Giorgio Fagiolo

We study the structure of the international trade hypergraph consisting of triangular hyperedges representing the exporter-importer-product relationship. Measuring the mean hyperdegree of the adjacent vertices, we first find its behaviors…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-10-14 Sudo Yi , Deok-Sun Lee

We study a class of dynamical multi-commodity flow networks in transportation networks. These are modeled as dynamical systems describing the evolution of the densities of a number of different commodities across the cells of a…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-08-26 Davide Sipione , Giacomo Como

Considerable efforts have been made in recent years to produce detailed topologies of the Internet. Although Internet topology data have been brought to the attention of a wide and somewhat diverse audience of scholars, so far they have…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-02-21 Massimo Riccaboni , Alessandro Rossi , Stefano Schiavo

Rising economic instability and continuous evolution in international relations demand a self-reliant trade and commodity flow networks at regional scales to efficiently address the growing human needs of a nation. Despite its importance in…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-07-26 Sujata S Kulkarni , Raviraj Dave , Udit Bhatia , Rohini Kumar

The approach to decomposition of multidimensional network systems on monoflow multilayer network systems (MLNS) is proposed, which significantly simplifies the analysis of intersystem interactions in multipurpose and multifunctional…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-02-07 Olexandr Polishchuk

This paper introduces a novel method for estimating material flows, with a focus on tracing phosphate flows from mining countries to those using phosphate in agricultural production. Our approach integrates data on phosphate rock…

General Economics · Economics 2025-07-14 Matthias Raddant , Martin Bertau , Gerald Steiner

Currently all countries including developing countries are expected to utilize their own tax revenues and carry out their own development for solving poverty in their countries. However, developing countries cannot earn tax revenues like…

Econometrics · Economics 2019-04-22 Tembo Nakamoto , Odile Rouhban , Yuichi Ikeda

The digital exhaust left by flows of physical and digital commodities provides a rich measure of the nature, strength and significance of relationships between countries in the global network. With this work, we examine how these traces and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-09-28 Desislava Hristova , Alex Rutherford , Jose Anson , Miguel Luengo-Oroz , Cecilia Mascolo

This paper explores the relationships between migration and trade using a complex-network approach. We show that: (i) both weighted and binary versions of the networks of international migration and trade are strongly correlated; (ii) such…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-09-24 Giorgio Fagiolo , Marina Mastrorillo

This paper introduces a novel theoretical framework and a suite of highly efficient, parallelizable algorithms for solving the large-scale multicommodity flow (MCF) feasibility problem. We reframe the classical constraint-satisfaction…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-26 Pengfei Liu

We analyze the multilayer architecture of the global input-output network using sectoral trade data (WIOD, 2016 release). With a focus on the mesoscale structure and related properties, our multilayer analysis takes into consideration the…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-11-10 Rosanna Grassi , Paolo Bartesaghi , Gian Paolo Clemente , Duc Thi Luu

The international trade network (ITN) has received renewed multidisciplinary interest due to recent advances in network theory. However, it is still unclear whether a network approach conveys additional, nontrivial information with respect…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-01-14 Tiziano Squartini , Giorgio Fagiolo , Diego Garlaschelli

Intra-firm trade describes the trade between affiliated firms and is increasingly important as global production is fragmented. However, statistics and data on global intra-firm trade patterns are widely unavailable. This study proposes a…

General Economics · Economics 2023-08-24 Matthew Smith , Yasaman Sarabi

Recurrent or ephemeral water shortages are a crucial global challenge, in particular because of their impacts on food production. The global character of this challenge is reflected in the trade among nations of virtual water, i.e. the…

Geophysics · Physics 2012-07-11 S. Suweis , M. Konar , C. Dalin , N. Hanasaki , A. Rinaldo , I. Rodriguez-Iturbe

International Trade (IT) plays a fundamental role in today's economy: by connecting world countries production and consumption processes, it radically contributes in shaping their economy and development path. Although its evolving…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-02-24 Paolo Sgrignoli

Dynamic network analysis has found an increasing interest in the literature because of the importance of different kinds of dynamic social networks, biological networks, and economic networks. Most available probability and statistical…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-18 Elynn Yi Chen , Rong Chen

We study the diffusion of shocks in the global financial cycle and global liquidity conditions to emerging and developing economies. We show that the classification according to their external trade patterns (as commodities' net exporters…

General Economics · Economics 2021-12-09 Jorge Carrera , Gabriel Montes-Rojas , Fernando Toledo