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Interpretation and understanding of the evidence for neutrino oscillations depends on knowledge of the atmospheric neutrino beam. In this talk I assess how well various features are known. The goal is to determine to what extent…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-05-12 T. K. Gaisser

Uncertainty quantification is a key aspect in many tasks such as model selection/regularization, or quantifying prediction uncertainties to perform active learning or OOD detection. Within credal approaches that consider modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Tuan-Anh Vu , Sébastien Destercke , Frédéric Pichon

Here a novel idea to handle imprecise or vague set viz. Pseudo fuzzy set has been proposed. Pseudo fuzzy set is a triplet of element and its two membership functions. Both the membership functions may or may not be dependent. The hypothesis…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-02-23 Sukanta Nayak , Snehashish Chakraverty

We extend entropy production to a deeply quantum regime involving noncommuting conserved quantities. Consider a unitary transporting conserved quantities ("charges") between two systems initialized in thermal states. Three common formulae…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-01 Twesh Upadhyaya , William F. Braasch, , Gabriel T. Landi , Nicole Yunger Halpern

The entropy is a measure of uncertainty that plays a central role in information theory. When the distribution of the data is unknown, an estimate of the entropy needs be obtained from the data sample itself. We propose a semi-parametric…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-01-06 Stéphane Robin , Luca Scrucca

We pedagogically present the information theory as originally established, explaining its essential ideas and paying attention to the expression employed to measure the amount of information. Also we discussed relationships between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-10 Wallas S. Nascimento , Marcos M. de Almeida , Frederico V. Prudente

People employ their knowledge to recognize things. This paper is concerned with how to measure people's knowledge for recognition and how it changes. The discussion is based on three assumptions. Firstly, we construct two evolution process…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2018-11-16 Fujun Hou

It has been recently proposed that the interpretation of gravity as an emergent, entropic force might have nontrivial implications to cosmology. Here two approaches are investigated: in one, the Friedman equation receives entropic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-03-18 Tomi S. Koivisto , David F. Mota , Miguel Zumalacarregui

Based on the q-exponential distribution which has been observed in more and more physical systems, the varentropy method is used to derive the uncertainty measure of such an abnormal distribution function. The uncertainty measure obtained…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-09-07 Congjie Ou , Aziz El Kaabouchi , Qiuping A. Wang , Jincan Chen

The microscopic explanation of entropy has been challenged from both experimental and theoretical point of view. The expression of entropy is derived from the first law of thermodynamics indicating that entropy or the second law of…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jozsef Garai

One of most important issues in quantum information theory concerns transmission of information through noisy quantum channels. We discuss few channel characteristics expressed by means of generalized entropies. Such characteristics can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-19 Alexey E. Rastegin

Although an intimate relation between entropy and diffusion has been advocated for many years and even seems to have been verified in theory and experiments, a quantitatively reliable study, and any derivation of an algebraic relation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-07-22 Subhajit Acharya , Biman Bagchi

In physics, entanglement 'reduces' the entropy of an entity, because the (von Neumann) entropy of, e.g., a composite bipartite entity in a pure entangled state is systematically lower than the entropy of the component sub-entities. We show…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-07-26 Diederik Aerts , Jonito Aerts Argëlles , Lester Beltran , Suzette Geriente , Sandro Sozzo

The entropic region is formed by the collection of the Shannon entropies of all subvectors of finitely many jointly distributed discrete random variables. For four or more variables, the structure of the entropic region is mostly unknown.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-04 E. P. Csirmaz , L. Csirmaz

Equations of state for a cold neutron star's interior are presented in three-column tables that relate the baryonic density, the energy density, and the pressure. A few analytical expressions for those tables have been established these…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-10-05 Lami Suleiman , Morgane Fortin , Julian-Leszek Zdunik , Constanca Providencia

We study the holographic dual of a two parameter family of quantities known as the $\alpha$-$z$ divergences. Many familiar information theoretic quantities occur within this family, including the relative entropy, fidelity, and collision…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-10-24 Alex May , Eliot Hijano

Motivated by tremendous progress in neutrino oscillation experiments, we derive a new set of simple and compact formulas for three-flavor neutrino oscillation probabilities in matter of a constant density. A useful definition of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-12-28 Yu-Feng Li , Jue Zhang , Shun Zhou , Jing-yu Zhu

We introduce the representation on one unitarity triangle of the constraints resulting (1) from the interpretation of solar and atmospheric neutrino data in terms of oscillations, and (2) from the search for neutrinoless double beta decay.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Francesco Vissani

We define a new divergence of von Neumann algebras using a variational expression that is similar in nature to Kosaki's formula for the relative entropy. Our divergence satisfies the usual desirable properties, upper bounds the sandwiched…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-17 Stefan Hollands

Non-deductive reasoning systems are often {\em representation dependent}: representing the same situation in two different ways may cause such a system to return two different answers. Some have viewed this as a significant problem. For…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Joseph Y. Halpern , Daphne Koller