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The normalized distance Laplacian of a graph $G$ is defined as $\mathcal{D}^\mathcal{L}(G)=T(G)^{-1/2}(T(G)-\mathcal{D}(G))T(G)^{-1/2}$ where $\mathcal{D}(G)$ is the matrix with pairwise distances between vertices and $T(G)$ is the diagonal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-23 Jacob Johnston , Michael Tait

Representing graphs as quantum states is becoming an increasingly important approach to study entanglement of mixed states, alternate to the standard linear algebraic density matrix-based approach of study. In this paper, we propose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-24 Bibhas Adhikari , Subhashish Banerjee , Satyabrata Adhikari , Atul Kumar

We consider a Laplacian on periodic discrete graphs. Its spectrum consists of a finite number of bands. In a class of periodic 1-forms, i.e., functions defined on edges of the periodic graph, we introduce a subclass of minimal forms with a…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2019-05-28 E. Korotyaev , N. Saburova

In this paper, we investigate spectral properties of the adjacency tensor, Laplacian tensor and signless Laplacian tensor of general hypergraphs (including uniform and non-uniform hypergraphs). We obtain some bounds for the spectral radius…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-20 Changjiang Bu , Jiang Zhou , Lizhu Sun

An oriented hypergraph is an oriented incidence structure that generalizes and unifies graph and hypergraph theoretic results by examining its locally signed graphic substructure. In this paper we obtain a combinatorial characterization of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-29 Gina Chen , Vivian Liu , Ellen Robinson , Lucas J. Rusnak , Kyle Wang

Let $F_{a_1,\dots,a_k}$ be a graph consisting of $k$ cycles of odd length $2a_1+1,\dots, 2a_k+1$, respectively which intersect in exactly a common vertex, where $k\geq1$ and $a_1\ge a_2\ge \cdots\ge a_k\ge 1$. In this paper, we present a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-10 Ming-Zhu Chen , A-Ming Liu , Xiao-Dong Zhang

We discuss Laplacians on graphs in a framework of regular Dirichlet forms. We focus on phenomena related to unboundedness of the Laplacians. This includes (failure of) essential selfadjointness, absence of essential spectrum and stochastic…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2011-01-18 Matthias Keller , Daniel Lenz

This paper presents bounds for the variation of the spectral radius $\lambda(G)$ of a graph $G$ after some perturbations or local vertex/edge modifications of $G$. The perturbations considered here are the connection of a new vertex with,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-09-25 C. Dalfó , M. A. Fiol , E. Garriga

In this paper we obtain several tight bounds on different types of alliance numbers of a graph: (global) defensive alliance number, global offensive alliance number and global dual alliance number. In particular, we investigate the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 J. A. Rodriguez , J. M. Sigarreta

We define a (pseudo-)distance between graphs based on the spectrum of the normalized Laplacian, which is easy to compute or to estimate numerically. It can therefore serve as a rough classification of large empirical graphs into families…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2019-04-03 Jiao Gu , Jürgen Jost , Shiping Liu , Peter F. Stadler

In this paper we are concerned with various graph invariants (girth, diameter, expansion constants, eigenvalues of the Laplacian, tree number) and their analogs for weighted graphs -- weighing the graph changes a combinatorial problem to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Dmitry Jakobson , Igor Rivin

A Laplacian matrix is a square real matrix with nonpositive off-diagonal entries and zero row sums. As a matrix associated with a weighted directed graph, it generalizes the Laplacian matrix of an ordinary graph. A standardized Laplacian…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Rafig Agaev , Pavel Chebotarev

Graphs can be associated with a matrix according to some rule and we can find the spectrum of a graph with respect to that matrix. Two graphs are cospectral if they have the same spectrum. Constructions of cospectral graphs help us…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-02 Kate Lorenzen

Let $A(G)$ and $D(G)$ be the adjacency matrix and the degree diagonal matrix of a graph $G$, respectively. Then $L(G)=D(G)-A(G)$ is called Laplacian matrix of the graph $G$. Let $G$ be a graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges. Then the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-05-26 Zhen Lin , Lianying Miao , Guanglong Yu , Han Sheng

Graphs are fundamental mathematical structures used in various fields to represent data, signals and processes. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for learning/estimating graphs from data. The proposed framework includes (i)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-07 Hilmi E. Egilmez , Eduardo Pavez , Antonio Ortega

We show that the large $n$ limit of the $O(n)$ quantum rotor model defined on a general graph has the same critical behavior as the corresponding quantum spherical model and that the critical exponents depend solely on the spectral…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-21 Nikita Titov , Andrea Trombettoni

This paper focuses on the concentration properties of the spectral norm of the normalized Laplacian matrix for Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graphs. First, We achieve the optimal bound that can be attained in the further question posed by Le et…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-02-05 Yiming Chen , Xuanang Hu , Pengtao Li

One of the aims of this paper is to solve an open problem of Lovasz about relations between graph spectra and cut-distance. The paper starts with several inequalities between two versions of the cut-norm and the two largest singular values…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2009-12-03 Vladimir Nikiforov

A complex unit gain graph ($ \mathbb{T} $-gain graph), $ \Phi=(G, \varphi) $ is a graph where the function $ \varphi $ assigns a unit complex number to each orientation of an edge of $ G $, and its inverse is assigned to the opposite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-30 Aniruddha Samanta , Deepshikha

Motivated by the appearance of fractals in several areas of physics, especially in solid state physics and the physics of aperiodic order, and in other sciences, including the quantum information theory, we present a detailed spectral…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-09-12 Elizabeth Melville , Gamal Mograby , Nikhil Nagabandi , Luke Rogers , Alexander Teplyaev