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Adopting the thin-layer improved brick-wall method, we investigate the thermodynamics of a black hole embedded in a spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe. We calculate the temperature and the entropy at every apparent horizon…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-03-07 Khireddine Nouicer

This paper presents the first numerical study of black hole thermodynamics in Causal Set Theory, focusing on the entropy of a Schwarzschild black hole as embodied in the distribution of proposed horizon molecules. To simulate causal sets we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-02 Vid Homšak , Stefano Veroni

The mechanism of generation of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy $S^{BH}$ of a black hole in the Sakharov's induced gravity is proposed. It is suggested that the "physical" degrees of freedom, which explain the entropy $S^{BH}$, form only a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-09-09 V. P. Frolov , D. V. Fursaev

We study the thermodynamical properties of black holes when described as gases of indistinguishable punctures with a chemical potential. In this picture, which arises from loop quantum gravity, the black hole microstates are defined by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-04-08 Olivier Asin , Jibril Ben Achour , Marc Geiller , Karim Noui , Alejandro Perez

Black hole thermodynamics suggests that, in order to describe the physics of distant observers, one may model a black hole as a standard quantum system with density of states set by the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy $S_\mathrm{BH}$. This idea…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-01-26 Donald Marolf , Henry Maxfield

We investigate the thermodynamic evolution and endpoint of black hole evaporation in the framework of metastring theory and its particle excitations, the metaparticles. Metaparticles arise as zero modes of metastrings propagating on modular…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-02 Paul-Robert Chouha

Black holes are some of the most interesting objects in the universe. While they first arise in the complicated behavior of general relativity, the physical laws ruling their behavior are surprisingly simple. For example, one of the core…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-20 Caio César Rodrigues Evangelista , Níckolas de Aguiar Alves

We argue that the statistical entropy relevant for the thermal interactions of a black hole with its surroundings is (the logarithm of) the number of quantum microstates of the hole which are distinguishable from the hole's exterior, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Carlo Rovelli

Many fundamental issues remain for black hole thermodynamics after almost half a century of its conception. For example, what are the underlying degrees of freedom of a black hole horizon that give rise to said thermodynamical properties?…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-01 Yen Chin Ong

We discuss and compare different definitions of the entropy of a black hole. In particular we show that the thermodynamical entropy defined by the response of the free energy of a black hole to the change of temperature does not coincide…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-02-03 V. Frolov

It has been observed that for black holes in certain family of Horndeski gravity theories Wald's entropy formula does not lead to the correct first law for black hole thermodynamics. For this family of Horndeski theories speeds of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-12-22 K. Hajian , S. Liberati , M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari , M. H. Vahidinia

Black bounce black holes are modification of classical black hole solutions that regularize the singularity by using a bouncing parameter. In our work, we explored the thermodynamics of Reissner-Nordst\"orm black bounce black hole and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-17 Feba C Joy , R Tharanath

A reformulation of the calculation of the semi-classical energy-momentum tensor on a Schwarzschild background, the Bousso covariant entropy bound, and the ER=EPR conjecture of Maldacena and Susskind taken together suggest a scenario for the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-06-17 James M. Bardeen

In this paper, we investigated the thermodynamic properties of Schwarzschild black hole (SBH) in the non-commutative (NC) gauge theory of gravity. According to our previous work, we modify the first law of the black hole (BH) thermodynamics…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-10-06 Abdellah Touati , Slimane Zaim

The thermodynamic inconsistency observed in regular black holes is resolved through the framework of reduced thermodynamic phase spaces. We demonstrate that regular black holes are essentially induced from singular black holes by adding an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-15 Meng-Sen Ma , Huai-Fan Li , Jian-Hua Shi

Bekenstein-Hawking Black hole thermodynamics should be corrected to incorporate quantum gravitational effects. Generalized Uncertainty Principle(GUP) provides a perturbational framework to perform such modifications. In this paper we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Kourosh Nozari , S. Hamid Mehdipour

Black holes emit thermal radiation (Hawking effect). If after black-hole evaporation nothing else were left, an arbitrary initial state would evolve into a thermal state (`information-loss problem'). Here it is argued that the whole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Claus Kiefer

In classical general relativity described by Einstein-Hilbert gravity, black holes behave as thermodynamic objects. In particular, the laws of black hole mechanics can be interpreted as laws of thermodynamics. The first law of black hole…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-04-05 Sayantani Bhattacharyya , Felix M. Haehl , Nilay Kundu , R. Loganayagam , Mukund Rangamani

We develop a non-extensive thermodynamic framework for Reissner--Nordstr\"om black holes based on a near-horizon photon-gas model within Tsallis statistics. We derive the generalized Bekenstein--Hawking entropy based on such an approach,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-13 Phuwadon Chunaksorn , Ratchaphat Nakarachinda , Pitayuth Wongjun

The thermodynamics of black holes is discussed for the case, when the Newton constant $G$ is not a constant, but is the thermodynamic variable. This gives for the first law of the Schwarzschild black hole thermodynamics: $dS_\text{BH}= -AdK…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-09-02 G. E. Volovik