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With the rise of AI in recent years and the increase in complexity of the models, the growing demand in computational resources is starting to pose a significant challenge. The need for higher compute power is being met with increasingly…

The scale of scientific High Performance Computing (HPC) and High Throughput Computing (HTC) has increased significantly in recent years, and is becoming sensitive to total energy use and cost. Energy-efficiency has thus become an important…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-10-14 David Abdurachmanov , Peter Elmer , Giulio Eulisse , Robert Knight , Tapio Niemi , Jukka K. Nurminen , Filip Nyback , Goncalo Pestana , Zhonghong Ou , Kashif Khan

To build energy-efficient apps, there is a need to estimate and analyze their energy consumption in typical usage scenarios. The energy consumption of Android apps could be estimated via software-based and hardware-based approaches.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Hina Anwar

We propose a novel approach to enable Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) for Non-Intrusive Appliance Load Monitoring (NIALM), also known as Energy Disaggregation, through Bayesian Optimization. NIALM offers a cost-effective alternative to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Armin Moin , Ukrit Wattanavaekin , Alexandra Lungu , Stephan Rössler , Stephan Günnemann

Measuring energy consumption is a challenging task faced by developers when building mobile apps. This paper presents EMaaS: a system that provides reliable energy measurements for mobile applications, without requiring a complex setup. It…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-03-01 Luis Cruz , Rui Abreu

With the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), energy costs of running LLMs is quickly becoming a critical concern. However, precisely measuring the energy consumption of LLMs is often infeasible because hardware-based power…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Anurag Dutt , Young Won Choi , Avirup Sil , Anshul Gandhi , Aruna Balasubramanian , Niranjan Balasubramanian

Energy consumption analysis of IT-controlled systems can play a major role in minimising the overall energy consumption of such IT systems, during the development phase, or for optimisation in the field. Recently, a precise energy analysis…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-05-03 Bernard van Gastel , Marko van Eekelen

With the increasing usage, scale, and complexity of Deep Learning (DL) models, their rapidly growing energy consumption has become a critical concern. Promoting green development and energy awareness at different granularities is the need…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Saurabhsingh Rajput , Tim Widmayer , Ziyuan Shang , Maria Kechagia , Federica Sarro , Tushar Sharma

The increasing use of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices for monitoring a wide spectrum of applications, along with the challenges of "big data" streaming support they often require for data analysis, is nowadays pushing for an increased…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-09 Antonio Libri , Andrea Bartolini , Luca Benini

The Running Average Power Limit (RAPL) interface is widely used to estimate software energy consumption via CPU and DRAM counters, but tool design differences and high-frequency polling can introduce measurement overhead, namely, extra time…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Jeremy Diamond , Vincenzo Stoico

Computer science marches towards energy-aware practices. This trend impacts not only the design of computer architectures, but also the design of programs. However, developers still lack affordable and accurate technology to measure energy…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-06-12 Tarsila Bessa , Christopher Gull , Pedro Quintão , Michael Frank , José Nacif , Fernando Magno Quintão Pereira

Accurate and reliable measurement of energy consumption is critical for making well-informed design choices when choosing and training large scale NLP models. In this work, we show that existing software-based energy measurements are not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Qingqing Cao , Aruna Balasubramanian , Niranjan Balasubramanian

Sustainability in high performance computing (HPC) is a major challenge not only for HPC centers and their users, but also for society as the climate goals become stricter. A lot of effort went into reducing the energy consumption of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Osman Seckin Simsek , Jean-Guillaume Piccinali , Florina M. Ciorba

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is the process of obtaining appliance-level data from a single metering point, measuring total electricity consumption of a household or a business. Appliance-level data can be directly used for demand…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Anže Pirnat , Blaž Bertalanič , Gregor Cerar , Mihael Mohorčič , Carolina Fortuna

We examine the computational energy requirements of different systems driven by the geometrical scaling law, and increasing use of Artificial Intelligence or Machine Learning (AI-ML) over the last decade. With more scientific and technology…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Sadasivan Shankar , Albert Reuther

Energy efficiency has emerged as a vital attribute of software quality, with significant implications for both environmental sustainability and operational costs. However, existing profiling tools operate only at runtime and coarse…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Shailender Goyal , Akhila Matathammal , Karthik Vaidhyanathan

The Internet of Things adoption in the manufacturing industry allows enterprises to monitor their electrical power consumption in real time and at machine level. In this paper, we follow up on such emerging opportunities for data…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Sören Henning , Wilhelm Hasselbring , Heinz Burmester , Armin Möbius , Maik Wojcieszak

The rapid growth of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has introduced unprecedented computational demands, driving significant increases in the energy footprint of data centers. However, existing power consumption data is largely…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Roberto Vercellino , Jared Willard , Gustavo Campos , Weslley da Silva Pereira , Olivia Hull , Matthew Selensky , Juliane Mueller

The discussion around AI-Engineering, that is, Software Engineering (SE) for AI-enabled Systems, cannot ignore a crucial class of software systems that are increasingly becoming AI-enhanced: Those used to enable or support the SE process,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Himon Thakur , Armin Moin

Reduced environmental effect, lower operating costs, and a stable and sustainable energy supply for current and future generations are the main reasons why power optimization is important. Power optimization makes ensuring that energy is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Parag Biswas , Abdur Rashid , Angona Biswas , Md Abdullah Al Nasim , Kishor Datta Gupta , Roy George
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