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We study the problem of the self-assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) into finite mesoscopic structures with a programmed local morphology and complex overall shape. Our proposed building blocks are NPs directionally-functionalized with DNA. The…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2013-11-04 Jonathan D. Halverson , Alexei V. Tkachenko

The Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) algorithm has undergone countless modifications and adaptations since its original formulation in 1995. Some of these have become mainstream whereas many others have not been adopted and faded away.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Mauro Sebastián Innocente

In this work, we study theoretical models of \emph{programmable matter} systems. The systems under consideration consist of spherical modules, kept together by magnetic forces and able to perform two minimal mechanical operations (or…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-03-14 Othon Michail , George Skretas , Paul G. Spirakis

Controlled synthesis of materials with specified atomic structures underpins technological advances yet remains reliant on iterative, trial-and-error approaches. Nanoparticles (NPs), whose atomic arrangement dictates their emergent…

Particle-based shape modeling (PSM) is a popular approach to automatically quantify shape variability in populations of anatomies. The PSM family of methods employs optimization to automatically populate a dense set of corresponding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Hong Xu , Shireen Y. Elhabian

Imagine coating buildings and bridges with smart particles (also coined smart paint) that monitor structural integrity and sense and report on traffic and wind loads, leading to technology that could do such inspection jobs faster and…

We contribute results for a set of fundamental problems in the context of programmable matter by presenting algorithmic methods for evaluating and manipulating a collective of particles by a finite automaton that can neither store…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Sándor P. Fekete , Robert Gmyr , Sabrina Hugo , Phillip Keldenich , Christian Scheffer , Arne Schmidt

Programmable Matter (PM) has been widely investigated in recent years. It refers to some kind of matter with the ability to change its physical properties (e.g., shape or color) in a programmable way. One reference model is certainly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Alfredo Navarra , Francesco Piselli

The term programmable matter refers to matter which has the ability to change its physical properties (shape, density, moduli, conductivity, optical properties, etc.) in a programmable fashion, based upon user input or autonomous sensing.…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2014-11-11 Zahra Derakhshandeh , Robert Gmyr , Andrea W. Richa , Christian Scheideler , Thim Strothmann , Shimrit Tzur-David

Direct design of complex functional materials would revolutionize technologies ranging from printable organs to novel clean energy devices. However, even incremental steps towards designing functional materials have proven challenging. If…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-06-26 Ella M. King , Chrisy Xiyu Du , Qian-Ze Zhu , Samuel S. Schoenholz , Michael P. Brenner

We propose a new non-equilibrium model for spatial pattern formation on the basis of local information transfer. Unlike standard models of pattern formation it is not based on the Turing instability. Information is transmitted through the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Thimo Rohlf , Stefan Bornholdt

Modern 3D printing technologies and the upcoming mass-customization paradigm call for efficient methods to produce and distribute arbitrarily-shaped 3D objects. This paper introduces an original algorithm to split a 3D model in parts that…

Graphics · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Marco Attene

Shape formation has been recently studied in distributed systems of programmable particles. In this paper we consider the shape recovery problem of restoring the shape when $f$ of the $n$ particles have crashed. We focus on the basic line…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Giuseppe Di Luna , Paola Flocchini , Giuseppe Prencipe , Nicola Santoro , Giovanni Viglietta

We consider the problem of performing parameter and state inference in a state-space model (SSM) parametrized by a static parameter $\theta$. A popular idea to address this problem consists of incorporating $\theta$ in the state of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-10 Yuan Chen , Mathieu Gerber , Christophe Andrieu , Randal Douc

The paper surveys topological problems relevant to the motion planning problem of robotics and includes some new results and constructions. First we analyse the notion of topological complexity of configuration spaces which is responsible…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2017-01-10 Michael Farber

The task of atom rearrangement has emerged in the last decade as a fundamental building block for the development of neutral atom-based quantum processors. However, despite many recent efforts to develop algorithms with favorable asymptotic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-05 Nikhil K Harle , Bo-Yu Chen , Bob Bao , Hannes Bernien

Shape-programmed sheets morph from one surface into another upon activation by stimuli such as illumination, and have attracted much interest for their potential engineering applications, especially in soft robotics. Complex shape changes…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-10-17 Daniel Duffy , Itay Griniasty , John Biggins , Cyrus Mostajeran

Shape-morphing soft materials can enable diverse target morphologies through voxel-level material distribution design, offering significant potential for various applications. Despite progress in basic shape-morphing design with simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Lu Chen , Gengxiang Chen , Xu Liu , Jingyan Su , Xuhao Lyu , Lihui Wang , Yingguang Li

We present and rigorously analyze the behavior of a distributed, stochastic algorithm for separation and integration in self-organizing particle systems, an abstraction of programmable matter. Such systems are composed of individual…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Sarah Cannon , Joshua J. Daymude , Cem Gokmen , Dana Randall , Andréa W. Richa

Most atomic physics experiments are controlled by a digital pattern generator used to synchronize all equipment by providing triggers and clocks. Recently, the availability of well-documented open-source development tools has lifted the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-06-16 A. Sitaram , G. K. Campbell , A. Restelli