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The formal analysis of automated systems is an important and growing industry. This activity routinely requires new verification frameworks to be developed to tackle new programming features, or new considerations (bugs of interest). Often,…
Our work presents a novel reinforcement learning (RL) based framework to optimize heuristic selection within the conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL) process, improving the efficiency of Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solving. The proposed…
One of the key factors in language productivity and human cognition is the ability of systematic compositionality, which refers to understanding composed unseen examples of seen primitives. However, recent evidence reveals that the…
Interpretable multi-hop reading comprehension (RC) over multiple documents is a challenging problem because it demands reasoning over multiple information sources and explaining the answer prediction by providing supporting evidences. In…
Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problems are expressed as mathematical formulas. This paper presents a matrix representation for these SAT problems. It shows how to use this matrix representation to get the full set of valid satisfying…
We study preprocessing techniques for clause normal forms of LTL formulas. Applying the mechanism of labelled clauses enables us to reinterpret LTL satisfiability as a set of purely propositional problems and thus to transfer simplification…
An object--oriented approach to create a natural language understanding system is considered. The understanding program is a formal system built on the base of predicative calculus. Horn's clauses are used as well--formed formulas. An…
When solving propositional logic satisfiability (specifically 3SAT) using quantum annealing, we analyze the effect the difficulty of different instances of the problem has on the quality of the answer returned by the quantum annealer. A…
For a system to understand natural language, it needs to be able to take natural language text and answer questions given in natural language with respect to that text; it also needs to be able to follow instructions given in natural…
In this paper, we propose an algorithm for the positive one-in-three satisfiability problem (Pos1in3SAT). The proposed algorithm can efficiently decide the existence of a satisfying assignment in all assignments for a given formula by using…
We propose new definitions of (causal) explanation, using structural equations to model counterfactuals. The definition is based on the notion of actual cause, as defined and motivated in a companion paper. Essentially, an explanation is a…
The ability of an agent to comprehend a sentence is tightly connected to the agent's prior experiences and background knowledge. The paper suggests to interpret comprehension as a modality and proposes a complete bimodal logical system that…
It is well known that the resolution method (for propositional logic) is complete. However, completeness proofs found in the literature use an argument by contradiction showing that if a set of clauses is unsatisfiable, then it must have a…
We present various analytic and number theoretic results concerning the #SAT problem as reflected when reduced into a #PART problem. As an application we propose a heuristic to probabilistically estimate the solution of #SAT problems.
PolySAT is a word-level decision procedure supporting bit-precise SMT reasoning over polynomial arithmetic with large bit-vector operations. The PolySAT calculus extends conflict-driven clause learning modulo theories with two key…
We investigate the NP-Complete problem SAT and the geometry of its instances. For a particular type that we call {\it non-interlaced formulas}, we propose a polynomial time algorithm for their resolution using graphs and matrices.
The following paper proposes a new approach to determine whether a logical (CNF) formula is satisfiable or not using probability theory methods. Furthermore, we will introduce an algorithm that speeds up the standard solution for (CNF-SAT)…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches to problem-solving and decision-making are becoming more and more complex, leading to a decrease in the understandability of solutions. The European Union's new General Data Protection Regulation…
There are a huge number of problems, from various areas, being solved by reducing them to SAT. However, for many applications, translation into SAT is performed by specialized, problem-specific tools. In this paper we describe a new system…
In the last two decades, modal and description logics have been applied to numerous areas of computer science, including knowledge representation, formal verification, database theory, distributed computing and, more recently, semantic web…