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For a flexible labeling of a graph, it is possible to construct infinitely many non-equivalent realizations keeping the distances of connected points constant. We give a combinatorial characterization of graphs that have flexible labelings.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-17 Georg Grasegger , Jan Legerský , Josef Schicho

Multiple color stripes have been employed for structured light-based rapid range imaging to increase the number of uniquely identifiable stripes. The use of multiple color stripes poses two problems: (1) object surface color may disturb the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-09-21 Kwang Hee Lee , Changsoo Je , Sang Wook Lee

We obtain tilings with a singular point by applying conformal maps on regular tilings of the Euclidean plane, and determine its symmetries. The resulting tilings are then symmetrically colored by applying the same conformal maps on…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2015-12-02 Imogene F. Evidente , Rene P. Felix , Manuel Joseph C. Loquias

We study a variation of the graph colouring problem on random graphs of finite average connectivity. Given the number of colours, we aim to maximise the number of different colours at neighbouring vertices (i.e. one edge distance) of any…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 S. Bounkong , J. van Mourik , D. Saad

Edge bundling reduces the visual clutter in a drawing of a graph by uniting the edges into bundles. We propose a method of edge bundling drawing each edge of a bundle separately as in metro-maps and call our method ordered bundles. To…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2012-09-20 Sergey Bereg , Alexander E. Holroyd , Lev Nachmanson , Sergey Pupyrev

An assignment of colours to the vertices of a graph is stable if any two vertices of the same colour have identically coloured neighbourhoods. The goal of colour refinement is to find a stable colouring that uses a minimum number of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-09-29 Christoph Berkholz , Paul Bonsma , Martin Grohe

We consider the problem of sampling a proper $k$-coloring of a graph of maximal degree $\Delta$ uniformly at random. We describe a new Markov chain for sampling colorings, and show that it mixes rapidly on graphs of bounded treewidth if…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-08-10 Shai Vardi

One method to obtain a proper vertex coloring of graphs using a reasonable number of colors is to start from any arbitrary proper coloring and then repeat some local re-coloring techniques to reduce the number of color classes. The Grundy…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Manouchehr Zaker

We investigate games played between Maker and Breaker on an infinite complete graph whose vertices are coloured with colours from a given set, each colour appearing infinitely often. The players alternately claim edges, Makers aim being to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-04-26 Nathan Bowler , Marit Emde , Florian Gut

-This paper presents a semi automatic method used to segment color documents into different uniform color plans. The practical application is dedicated to administrative documents segmentation. In these documents, like in many other cases,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-09-28 Stéphane Bres , Véronique Eglin , Vincent Poulain

The \textit{square} of a graph $G$, denoted by $G^2$, is obtained from $G$ by adding an edge to connect every pair of vertices with a common neighbor in $G$. In this paper we prove that for every planar graph $G$ with maximum degree at most…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-15 Jiani Zou , Miaomiao Han , Hong-Jian Lai

We consider the coloring of certain distance graphs on the Euclidean plane. Namely, we ask for the minimal number of colors needed to color all points of the plane in such a way that pairs of points at distance in the interval $[1,b]$ get…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-13 Joanna Chybowska-Sokół , Konstanty Junosza-Szaniawski , Krzysztof Węsek

Japanese comics (called manga) are traditionally created in monochrome format. In recent years, in addition to monochrome comics, full color comics, a more attractive medium, have appeared. Unfortunately, color comics require manual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Yugo Shimizu , Ryosuke Furuta , Delong Ouyang , Yukinobu Taniguchi , Ryota Hinami , Shonosuke Ishiwatari

We present an algorithm to express Wilson lines that are defined on piecewise linear paths in function of their individual segments, reducing the number of diagrams needed to be calculated. The important step lies in the observation that…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-03-23 Frederik F. Van der Veken

A majority coloring of a directed graph is a vertex coloring in which each vertex has the same color as at most half of its out-neighbors. In this note we simplify some proof techniques and generalize previously known results on various…

Transit networks often have existing infrastructure that cannot be modified when designing new lines for the network. This paper provides an algorithm to generate a line within a transit network without changing any existing lines or…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Zezhi Deng , Ruoxing Yang

We consider the discrepancy problem of coloring $n$ intervals with $k$ colors such that at each point on the line, the maximal difference between the number of intervals of any two colors is minimal. Somewhat surprisingly, a coloring with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-12-20 Antonios Antoniadis , Falk Hüffner , Pascal Lenzner , Carsten Moldenhauer , Alexander Souza

A strong edge coloring of a graph is a proper edge coloring where the edges at distance at most two receive distinct colors. It is known that every planar graph with maximum degree D has a strong edge coloring with at most 4D + 4 colors. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-02-24 Dávid Hudák , Borut Lužar , Roman Soták , Riste Škrekovski

We introduce a colorful version of separating path systems, in which two edges can only be separated from each other by two paths of distinct colors. We calculate the minimum sizes of such systems for various standard classes of graphs and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-20 Alexander Clifton , George Kontogeorgiou , S Taruni , Ana Trujillo-Negrete

Proper graph coloring assigns different colors to adjacent vertices of the graph. Usually, the number of colors is fixed or as small as possible. Consider applications (e.g. variants of scheduling) where colors represent limited resources…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-10 Tomáš Masařík