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We review a recently introduced effective graph approximation of causal dynamical triangulations (CDT), the multigraph ensemble. We argue that it is well suited for analytical computations and that it captures the physical degrees of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-10-03 Georgios Giasemidis , John F. Wheater , Stefan Zohren

Causal dynamical triangulations (CDT) constitute a background independent, nonperturbative approach to quantum gravity, in which the gravitational path integral is approximated by the weighted sum over causally well-behaving simplicial…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-02-24 T. Trzesniewski

The formalism of causal dynamical triangulations (CDT) provides us with a non-perturbatively defined model of quantum gravity, where the sum over histories includes only causal space-time histories. Path integrals of CDT and their continuum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 J. Ambjorn , R. Loll , W. Westra , S. Zohren

We present a detailed analysis of a recently introduced version of Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) that does not rely on a distinguished time slicing. Focussing on the case of 2+1 spacetime dimensions, we analyze its geometric and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-09-04 S. Jordan , R. Loll

We investigate the interaction between matter and causal dynamical triangulations (CDT) in the context of two-dimensional quantum gravity. We focus on the Ising model coupled to CDT, contrasting this with Liouville gravity and the relation…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-05-09 Ryan Barouki , Henry Stubbs , John Wheater

We reinterpret the spectral dimension of spacetimes as the scaling of an effective self-energy transition amplitude in quantum field theory (QFT), when the system is probed at a given resolution. This picture has four main advantages: (a)…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-04-13 Gianluca Calcagni , Leonardo Modesto , Giuseppe Nardelli

We investigate the impact of spatial topology in 3+1 dimensional causal dynamical triangulations (CDT) by performing numerical simulations with toroidal spatial topology instead of the previously used spherical topology. In the case of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-08-17 Jan Ambjorn , Zbigniew Drogosz , Jakub Gizbert-Studnicki , Andrzej Goerlich , Jerzy Jurkiewicz , Daniel Nemeth

3+1 dimensional Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) describe a quantum theory of fluctuating geometries without the introduction of a background geometry. If the topology of space is constrained to be that of a three-dimensional torus we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-09-13 Jan Ambjørn , Jakub Gizbert-Studnicki , Andrzej Görlich , Kevin Grosvenor , Jerzy Jurkiewicz

We discuss the algorithmic problem of minimal coupling gauge fields of the Yang-Mills type to Quantum Gravity in the approach known as Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) as a step towards studying, ultimately, systems of gravity coupled…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2021-12-08 Alessandro Candido , Giuseppe Clemente , Massimo D'Elia , Federico Rottoli

Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) is a lattice formulation of quantum gravity, suitable for Monte-Carlo simulations which have been used to study the phase diagram of the model. It has four phases characterized by different dominant…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2022-05-04 J. Ambjorn , J. Gizbert-Studnicki , A. Görlich , D. Németh

Understanding the continuum limit of a theory of discrete random geometries is a beautiful but difficult challenge. In this optic, we review here the insights that can be obtained for Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) by employing the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-01-09 Dario Benedetti

Three-dimensional Lorentzian quantum gravity, expressed as the continuum limit of a nonperturbative sum over spacetimes, is tantalizingly close to being amenable to analytical methods, and some of its properties have been described in terms…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-02-01 J. Brunekreef , R. Loll

We present a possibility of coupling a point-like, non-singular, mass distribution to four-dimensional quantum gravity in the nonperturbative setting of causal dynamical triangulations (CDT). In order to provide a point of comparison for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-09-16 Igor Khavkine , Renate Loll , Paul Reska

Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) is a lattice theory where aspects of quantum gravity can be studied. Two-dimensional CDT can be solved analytically and the continuum (quantum) Hamiltonian obtained. In this article we show that this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-15 Jan Ambjorn , Lisa Glaser , Yuki Sato , Yoshiyuki Watabiki

Causal Dynamical Triangulations is a background independent approach to quantum gravity. We show that there exists an effective transfer matrix labeled by the scale factor which properly describes the evolution of the quantum universe. In…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-02-13 Andrzej Görlich

The two-dimensional causal dynamical triangulations ($2$d CDT) is a lattice model of quantum geometry. In $2$d CDT, one can deal with the quantum effects analytically and explore the physics through the continuum limit. The continuum theory…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-06-02 Yuki Sato

The Causal Dynamical Triangulation model of quantum gravity (CDT) has a transfer matrix, relating spatial geometries at adjacent (discrete lattice) times. The transfer matrix uniquely determines the theory. We show that the measurements of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-02-10 Jan Ambjorn , Jakub Gizbert-Studnicki , Andrzej Görlich , Jerzy Jurkiewicz

The phenomenon of scale dependent spectral dimension has attracted special interest in the quantum gravity community over the last eight years. It was first observed in computer simulations of the causal dynamical triangulation (CDT)…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-10-31 Georgios Giasemidis

This article is an overview of the use of so-called Euclidean Dynamical Triangulations (EDT) and Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) as lattice regularizations of quantum gravity. The lattice regularizations have been very successful in…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2023-06-28 Jan Ambjorn

We report on recently performed simulations of Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) in 2+1 dimensions aimed at studying its effective dynamics in the continuum limit. Two pieces of evidence from completely different measurements are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-05-24 Timothy Budd