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The Milky Way presents the too-big-to-fail (TBTF) problem that there are two observed satellite galaxies with maximum circular velocity larger than 55km/s, and others have velocity less than 25km/s, but the cold dark matter model predicts…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-06-15 Xi Kang , L. Wang , Y. Luo

The origin and structure of the hot ($T\gtrsim10^6$K) gaseous halo around Milky Way (MW)-mass galaxies provide a critical test for galaxy formation models. We perform a comprehensive comparison for a sample of MW analogues from the TNG50…

Although numerous dynamical techniques have been developed to estimate the total dark matter halo mass of the Milky Way, it remains poorly constrained, with typical systematic uncertainties of 0.3 dex. In this study, we apply a neural…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-03 Elaheh Hayati , Peter Behroozi , Ekta Patel , Yunchong Wang , Stefan Gottlöber , Gustavo Yepes

We use a volume-limited spectroscopic sample of isolated galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to investigate the frequency and radial distribution of luminous (M_r <~ -18.3) satellites like the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) around…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Erik J. Tollerud , Michael Boylan-Kolchin , Elizabeth J. Barton , James S. Bullock , Christopher Q. Trinh

Using Constrained Local UniversE Simulations (CLUES) of the formation of the Local Group in a cosmological context we investigate the recently highlighted problem that the majority of the most massive dark subhaloes of the Milky Way are too…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Arianna Di Cintio , Alexander Knebe , Noam I. Libeskind , Gustavo Yepes , Stefan Gottloeber , Yehuda Hoffman

We develop a comprehensive and flexible model for the connection between satellite galaxies and dark matter subhalos in dark matter-only zoom-in simulations of Milky Way (MW)--mass host halos. We systematically identify the physical and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-03-04 Ethan O. Nadler , Yao-Yuan Mao , Gregory M. Green , Risa H. Wechsler

The Via Lactea simulation of the dark matter halo of the Milky Way predicts the existence of many thousands of bound subhalos distributed approximately with equal mass per decade of mass. Here we show that: a) a similar steeply rising…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Piero Madau , Juerg Diemand , Michael Kuhlen

We map the stellar structure of the Galactic thick disk and halo by applying color-magnitude diagram (CMD) fitting to photometric data from the SEGUE survey, allowing, for the first time, a comprehensive analysis of their structure at both…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2010-05-12 Jelte T. A. de Jong , Brian Yanny , Hans-Walter Rix , Andrew E. Dolphin , Nicolas F. Martin , Timothy C. Beers

We analyse the dynamical properties of substructures in a high-resolution dark matter simulation of the formation of a Milky Way-like halo in a $\Lambda$CDM cosmology. Our goal is to shed light on the dynamical peculiarities of the Milky…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-03-11 Yang-Shyang Li , Amina Helmi

We study the substructure population of Milky Way (MW)-mass halos in the $\Lambda$CDM cosmology using a novel procedure to extrapolate subhalo number statistics beyond the resolution limit of N-body simulations. The technique recovers the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-24 Marius Cautun , Wojciech A. Hellwing , Rien van de Weygaert , Carlos S. Frenk , Bernard J. T. Jones , Till Sawala

We use a semi-analytic model of halo formation to study the dynamical history of giant field galaxies like the Milky Way. We find that in a concordance LCDM cosmology, most isolated disk galaxies have remained undisturbed for 8-10 Gyr, such…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 James E. Taylor , Arif Babul

The atomic hydrogen gas (HI) disk in the outer region (beyond ~10 kpc from the centre) of Milky Way can provide valuable information about the structure of the dark matter halo. The recent 3-D thickness map of the outer HI disk from the all…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2011-02-11 Kanak Saha , Evan S. Levine , Chanda J. Jog , Leo Blitz

We present mass models of the Milky Way created to fit observational constraints and to be consistent with expectations from theoretical modelling. The method used to create these models is that demonstrated in McMillan (2011), and we…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-12-07 Paul J. McMillan

We analyze an adaptive mesh refinement hydrodynamic cosmological simulation of a Milky Way-sized galaxy to study the cold gas in the halo. HI observations of the Milky Way and other nearby spirals have revealed the presence of such gas in…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-04 Ximena Fernández , M. Ryan Joung , Mary E. Putman

We investigate the population of bright satellites ($M_{*} \geq 10^{5} \mathrm{M}_{\odot}$) of haloes of mass comparable to that of the Milky Way in cosmological simulations in which the dark matter (DM) is either cold, warm or…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-11-04 Victor J. Forouhar Moreno , Alejandro Benitez-Llambay , Shaun Cole , Carlos Frenk

A wealth of recent studies have shown that the LMC is likely massive, with a halo mass $>10^{11} M_\odot$. One consequence of having such a nearby and massive neighbour is that the inner Milky Way is expected to be accelerated with respect…

Hierarchical Cold Dark Matter (CDM) models predict that Milky Way (MW) sized halos contain hundreds of dense low-mass dark satellites, an order of magnitude more than the number of observed satellites in the Local Group (LG). If the CDM…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-05 Andrey V. Kravtsov , Oleg Y. Gnedin , Anatoly A. Klypin

$\Lambda$CDM cosmology predicts the hierarchical formation of galaxies which build up mass by merger events and accreting smaller systems. The stellar halo of the Milky Way has proven to be useful a tool for tracing this accretion history.…

Abridged: We estimate the distances to ~48 million stars detected by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and map their 3D number density distribution in 100 < D < 20 kpc range over 6,500 deg^2 of sky. The data show strong evidence for a Galaxy…

The distribution of shapes of galaxies' dark halos provides a basic test for models of galaxy formation. To-date, few dark halo shapes have been measured, and the results of different methods appear contradictory. Here, we add to the sample…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. P. Olling , M. R. Merrifield