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In this study, we provide mathematical and practice-driven justification for using $[0,1]$ normalization of inconsistency indicators in pairwise comparisons. The need for normalization, as well as problems with the lack of normalization,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-02-28 W. W. Koczkodaj , J. -P. Magnot , J. Mazurek , J. F. Peters , H. Rakhshani , M. Soltys , D. Strzałka , J. Szybowski , A. Tozzi

This study investigates a powerful model, targeted to subjective assessments, based on pairwise comparisons. It provides a proof that a distance-based inconsistency reduction transforms an inconsistent pairwise comparisons (PC) matrix into…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-05-08 Waldemar W. Koczkodaj , Jacek Szybowski

In this study, a pairwise comparison matrix is generalized to the case when coefficients create Lie group $G$, non necessarily abelian. A necessary and sufficient criterion for pairwise comparisons matrices to be consistent is provided.…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-07-12 Waldemar W. Koczkodaj , Jean-Pierre Magnot

One of the major challenges for collective intelligence is inconsistency, which is unavoidable whenever subjective assessments are involved. Pairwise comparisons allow one to represent such subjective assessments and to process them by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-08-06 J. Fueloep , W. W. Koczkodaj , S. J. Szarek

We examine the notion of inconsistency in pairwise comparisons and propose an axiomatization which is independent of any method of approximation or the inconsistency indicator definition (e.g., Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP). It has been…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-01-27 W. W. Koczkodaj , R. Szwarc

The inconsistency of pairwise comparisons remains difficult to interpret in the absence of acceptability thresholds. The popular 10% cut-off rule proposed by Saaty has recently been applied to incomplete pairwise comparison matrices, which…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-25 Kolos Csaba Ágoston , László Csató

We investigate an application of a mathematically robust minimization method -- the gradient method -- to the consistencization problem of a pairwise comparisons (PC) matrix. Our approach sheds new light on the notion of a priority vector…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2022-07-19 Jean-Pierre Magnot , Jiří Mazurek , Viera Čerňanová

To obtain reliable results of expertise, which usually use individual and group expert pairwise comparisons, it is important to summarize (aggregate) expert estimates provided that they are sufficiently consistent. There are several ways to…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-07 Vitaliy Tsyganok , Andriy Olenko , Pavlo Roik , Oksana Vlasenko

In this paper we discuss the consistency concept of Williams coherence for imprecise conditional previsions, presenting a variant of this notion, which we call W-coherence. It is shown that W-coherence ensures important consistency…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-03-10 Renato Pelessoni , Paolo Vicig

In this study, the orthogonalization process for different inner products is applied to pairwise comparisons. Properties of consistent approximations of a given inconsistent pairwise comparisons matrix are examined. A method of a derivation…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-02-18 W. W. Koczkodaj , R. Smarzewski , J. Szybowski

We consider incomplete pairwise comparison matrices and determine exactly when they have a consistent completion and, if not, when they have a nearly consistent completion. We use the maximum 3-cycle product as a measure of inconsistency…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-15 Susana Furtado , Charles Johnson

In recent years, the literature in the area of Bayesian asymptotics has been rapidly growing. It is increasingly important to understand the concept of posterior consistency and validate specific Bayesian methods, in terms of consistency of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-12-18 Taeryon Choi , R. V. Ramamoorthi

The purpose of this article is to motivate the study of invariant, and especially conformally invariant, differential pairings. Since a general theory is lacking, this work merely presents some interesting examples of these pairings,…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2008-04-25 Michael G. Eastwood

This paper gives the definition of the Conley index for a piecewise continuous map, which is only well defined on compatible isolating neighborhoods with Wazewski property slightly weaker than continuous situation.

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2011-03-29 Kaihua Wang , Xinchu Fu

This article explores a relationship between inconsistency in the pairwise comparisons method and conditions of order preservation. A pairwise comparisons matrix with elements from an alo-group is investigated. This approach allows for a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-03-29 Konrad Kulakowski , Jiri Mazurek , Jaroslav Ramik , Michael Soltys

Estimating missing judgements is a key component in many multi-criteria decision making techniques, especially in the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Inspired by the Koczkodaj inconsistency index and a widely used solution concept of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-19 Kolos Csaba Ágoston , László Csató

Incomplete pairwise comparison matrices are increasingly employed to save resources and reduce cognitive load by collecting only a subset of all possible pairwise comparisons. We present their graph representation and some completion…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-30 László Csató , Sándor Bozóki

The theory of matrix models is reviewed from the point of view of its relation to integrable hierarchies. Discrete 1-matrix, 2-matrix, ``conformal'' (multicomponent) and Kontsevich models are considered in some detail, together with the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-12-17 A. Morozov

The modern definition of optical coherence highlights a frequency dependent function based on a matrix of spectra and cross-spectra. Due to general properties of matrices, such a function is invariant in changes of basis. In this article,…

Optics · Physics 2016-03-09 Bernard Lacaze

In their article 'The inconsistency of the h-index' Ludo Waltman and Nees Jan van Neck give three examples to demonstrate the inconsistency of the h-index. As will be explained, a little extension of their examples just illustrate the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2011-09-27 Leo Waaijers