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We study differential forms on an algebraic compactification of a moduli space of metric graphs. Canonical examples of such forms are obtained by pulling back invariant differentials along a tropical Torelli map. The invariant differential…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2021-11-24 Francis Brown

The invariance to permutations of the adjacency matrix, i.e., graph isomorphism, is an overarching requirement for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). Conventionally, this prerequisite can be satisfied by the invariant operations over node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Zhongyu Huang , Yingheng Wang , Chaozhuo Li , Huiguang He

It has long been known that the combinatorial properties of a graph $\Gamma$ are closely related to the group theoretic properties of its right angled artin group (raag). It's natural to ask if the graph homomorphisms are similarly related…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-24 Chris Grossack

Dynamic graphs provide a flexible data abstraction for modelling many sorts of real-world systems, such as transport, trade, and social networks. Graph neural networks (GNNs) are powerful tools allowing for different kinds of prediction and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-27 Ed Davis , Ian Gallagher , Daniel John Lawson , Patrick Rubin-Delanchy

In this paper, we propose a new graph-based transform and illustrate its potential application to signal compression. Our approach relies on the careful design of a graph that optimizes the overall rate-distortion performance through an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-07-31 Giulia Fracastoro , Dorina Thanou , Pascal Frossard

In Tensor Field Theory (TFT), observables are defined through tensor field contractions that produce unitary invariants for complex-valued tensor fields. Traditionally, these observables are constructed using tensor fields of a fixed order…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-05-20 Joseph Ben Geloun , Arnauld Solente

Modelling dynamically evolving spatio-temporal signals is a prominent challenge in the Graph Neural Network (GNN) literature. Notably, GNNs assume an existing underlying graph structure. While this underlying structure may not always exist…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Om Roy , Yashar Moshfeghi , Keith Smith

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are an effective framework for representation learning of graphs. GNNs follow a neighborhood aggregation scheme, where the representation vector of a node is computed by recursively aggregating and transforming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Keyulu Xu , Weihua Hu , Jure Leskovec , Stefanie Jegelka

It is challenging for generative models to learn a distribution over graphs because of the lack of permutation invariance: nodes may be ordered arbitrarily across graphs, and standard graph alignment is combinatorial and notoriously…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Kimia Shayestehfard , Dana Brooks , Stratis Ioannidis

The main result of this paper is that, if $\Gamma$ is a connected 4-valent $G$-arc-transitive graph and $v$ is a vertex of $\Gamma$, then either $\Gamma$ is one of a well understood infinite family of graphs, or $|G_v|\leq 2^43^6$ or…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-10-14 Primoz Potocnik , Pablo Spiga , Gabriel Verret

The non--commuting graph $\Gamma(G)$ of a non--abelian group $G$ is defined as follows. The vertex set $V(\Gamma(G))$ of $\Gamma(G)$ is $G\setminus Z(G)$ where $Z(G)$ denotes the center of $G$ and two vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-09-21 Luis A. Dupont , Daniel G. Mendoza , Armando Sánchez-Nungaray

Graph condensation (GC) aims to distill the original graph into a small-scale graph, mitigating redundancy and accelerating GNN training. However, conventional GC approaches heavily rely on rigid GNNs and task-specific supervision. Such a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Yeyu Yan , Shuai Zheng , Wenjun Hui , Xiangkai Zhu , Dong Chen , Zhenfeng Zhu , Yao Zhao , Kunlun He

We study the transmission of a quantum particle along a straight input--output line to which a graph $\Gamma$ is attached at a point. In the point of contact we impose a singularity represented by a certain properly chosen scale-invariant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-22 Ondřej Turek , Taksu Cheon

In this paper we will prove that there exists a covariant functor from the category of schemes to the category of graphs. This functor provides a combination between algebraic varieties and combinatorial graphs so that the invariants…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2009-07-06 Feng-Wen An

In this article, we propose a new type of square matrix associated with an undirected graph by trading off the naturally imbedded symmetry in them. The proposed matrix is defined using the neighbourhood sets of the vertices. It is called as…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Sivakumar Karunakaran , Lavanya Selvaganesh

We study free scalar field theory on a graph, which gives rise to a modified version of discrete Green's function on a graph studied in \cite{CY}. We show that this gives rise to a graph invariant, which is closely related to the 2-dim…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-06-18 An Huang , Shing-Tung Yau , Mei-Heng Yueh

We investigate the conformal window of four-dimensional gauge theories with fermionic matter fields in multiple representations. Of particularly relevant examples are the ultra-violet complete models with fermions in two distinct…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-03-11 Byung Su Kim , Deog Ki Hong , Jong-Wan Lee

Combinatorial rigidity theory seeks to describe the rigidity or flexibility of bar-joint frameworks in R^d in terms of the structure of the underlying graph G. The goal of this article is to broaden the foundations of combinatorial rigidity…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-10-05 Mike Develin , Jeremy L. Martin , Victor Reiner

We study the design of graph filters to implement arbitrary linear transformations between graph signals. Graph filters can be represented by matrix polynomials of the graph-shift operator, which captures the structure of the graph and is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-23 Santiago Segarra , Antonio G. Marques , Alejandro Ribeiro

In this paper, we study the graph classification problem from the graph homomorphism perspective. We consider the homomorphisms from $F$ to $G$, where $G$ is a graph of interest (e.g. molecules or social networks) and $F$ belongs to some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Hoang NT , Takanori Maehara