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Ground based observations appear to indicate that Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) of the highest energies (>10^{18.7} eV) consist of heavy particles -- shower depth and muon production data both pointing towards this conclusion. On…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-18 S. Romanopoulos , V. Pavlidou , T. Tomaras

In the present-day cosmic ray data, the strongest indication of anisotropy of the ultrahigh energy cosmic rays is the 20-degree hotspot observed by the Telescope Array with the statistical significance of 3.4\sigma. In this work, we study…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-06-01 D. Semikoz , P. Tinyakov , M. Zotov

In this article I review the main theoretical problems that are posed by the highest energy end of the observed cosmic ray spectrum, stressing the importance of establishing their composition in order to decide between proposed scenarios. I…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 Enrique Zas

The extremely low flux of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) makes their direct observation by orbital experiments practically impossible. For this reason all current and planned UHECR experiments detect cosmic rays indirectly by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-09-15 D. Ivanov , O. E. Kalashev , M. Yu. Kuznetsov , G. I. Rubtsov , T. Sako , Y. Tsunesada , Y. V. Zhezher

The last 20 years have seen the development of new techniques in Astroparticle Physics providing access to the highest end of the electromagnetic spectrum. It has been shown that some sources emit photons up to energies close to 100 TeV.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-08-04 J. L. Contreras , J. Rosado , F. Arqueros , M. López , J. A. Barrio , M. Nievas

The arrival directions of cosmic rays detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory (Auger) with energies above 39~EeV were recently reported to correlate with the positions of 23 nearby starburst galaxies (SBGs): in their best-fit model, 9.7\%…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-05-21 Armando di Matteo , Toshihiro Fujii , Kazumasa Kawata

Telescope Array (TA) experiment has recorded \cite{Abbasi:2017rvx,Okuda_2019} several short time bursts of air shower like events. These bursts are very distinct from conventional single showers, and are found to be strongly correlated with…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-03-24 Xunyu Liang , Ariel Zhitnitsky

The shape of the longitudinal development of the showers generated in the atmosphere by very high energy cosmic ray particles encodes information about the mass composition of the flux, and about the properties of hadronic interactions that…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-05-19 Paolo Lipari

We address the challenge of reconstructing the energy of three ultra-high-energy cosmic rays registered with a small fluorescence telescope EUSO-TA that operated in 2015 at the site of the Telescope Array experiment in Utah, USA. Each of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-14 Mikhail Zotov , Andrei Trusov

The origin and nature of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are one of the most intriguing mysteries in particle astrophysics and astronomy. The two largest observatories, the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array Experiment,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-05-22 Toshihiro Fujii

We report on a measurement of the cosmic ray composition by the Telescope Array Low-Energy Extension (TALE) air fluorescence detector (FD). By making use of the Cherenkov light signal in addition to air fluorescence light from cosmic ray…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-03-22 Telescope Array Collaboration

Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays are the most energetic particles directly measured, reaching orders of magnitude above those attained in the LHC. The Pierre Auger Observatory is shedding light onto the long-standing mysteries of their nature…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-17 L. Cazon

EUSO-TA is a ground-based telescope, located at the Black Rock Mesa site of Telescope Array (TA), Utah, USA. The main aim of the instrument is observation of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays through detection of ultraviolet light generated by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-09-23 Lech Wiktor Piotrowski

The Pierre Auger Observatory aims to determine the nature and origin of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR). The Auger hybrid detector combines fluorescence observations of extended air showers, initiated in the atmosphere by these…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Serguei Vorobiov

The Askaryan Radio Array (ARA) is an ultra-high energy (UHE) neutrino telescope at the South Pole consisting of an array of radio antennas aimed at detecting the Askaryan radiation produced by neutrino interactions in the ice. Currently,…

We present results of numerical simulations of the propagation of ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) over cosmological distances, aimed at quantifying the statistical significance of the highest energy data on the spectrum and small…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Daniel De Marco , Pasquale Blasi , Angela V. Olinto

The Extreme Universe Space Observatory-Telescope Array (EUSO-TA) is a ground-based experiment, part of the JEM-EUSO (Joint Experiment Missions -- Extreme Universe Space Observatory) dedicated to the observation of Ultra High Energy Cosmic…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-12 Z. Plebaniak , J. Szabelski , M. Przybylak , L. W. Piotrowski , A. Djakonow , K. Krolik

We have published the energy spectrum of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) for E > 10^18.2 eV from our first 5-year observation with the surface detectors of Telescope Array. We found two breaking points in the power-law spectrum, a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-13 E. Kido , O. E. Kalashev

Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) remain one of the greatest mysteries in astroparticle physics. The Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) is a next-generation cosmic ray experiment which utilizes ground-based…

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